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Crosstalk Among Glial Cells in the Blood–Brain Barrier Injury After Ischemic Stroke

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Abstract

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), astrocytes, perivascular microglia, pericytes, neuronal processes, and the basal lamina. As a complex and dynamic interface between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), BBB is responsible for transporting nutrients essential for the normal metabolism of brain cells and hinders many toxic compounds entering into the CNS. The loss of BBB integrity following stroke induces tissue damage, inflammation, edema, and neural dysfunction. Thus, BBB disruption is an important pathophysiological process of acute ischemic stroke. Understanding the mechanism underlying BBB disruption can uncover more promising biological targets for developing treatments for ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes leads to increased production of inflammatory mediators, containing chemokines, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), etc., which are important factors in the pathological process of BBB breakdown. In this review, we discussed the current knowledges about the vital and dual roles of astrocytes and microglia on the BBB breakdown during ischemic stroke. Specifically, we provided an updated overview of phenotypic transformation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as uncovered the crosstalk among astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendrocyte in the BBB disruption following ischemic stroke.

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Funding

The authors acknowledge operating grant support from Natural Science Foundation of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province in 2023 (Nos. 2023AH052541 and 2023AH050672).

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China

    Jiyue Wen

  2. Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China

    Weizhuo Lu

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WL prepared figures and drafted the manuscript; JW edited and revised the manuscript.

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Lu, W., Wen, J. Crosstalk Among Glial Cells in the Blood–Brain Barrier Injury After Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-03939-6

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