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Molecular perspective on targeted therapy in breast cancer: a review of current status

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Abstract

Breast cancer is categorized at the molecular level according to the status of certain hormone and growth factor receptors, and this classification forms the basis of current diagnosis and treatment. The development of resistance to treatment and recurrence of the disease have led researchers to develop new therapies. In recent years, most of the research in the field of oncology has focused on the development of targeted therapies, which are treatment methods developed directly against molecular abnormalities. Promising advances have been made in clinical trials investigating the effect of these new treatment modalities and their combinations with existing therapeutic treatments in the treatment of breast cancer. Monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, anti-angiogenic drugs, PARP inhibitors are among the targeted therapies used in breast cancer treatment. In this review, we aim to present a molecular view of recently approved target agents used in breast cancer.

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Acknowledgements

Figure 1 is adapted from “HER2 Signaling Pathway”, by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates. Figure 2 is adapted from “Bevacizumab: Potential Repurposed Drug Candidate for Covid-19”, by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates. Figure 3 is adapted from “Cell Cycle Deregulation in Cancer”, by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates. Figure 4 is adapted from “PI3K/Akt, RAS/MAPK, JAK/STAT Signaling”, by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates. Figure 5 is adapted from “PARP Inhibitors: Treatment for BRCA Mutant Breast Cancer” by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates.

Funding

The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey

    Busra Demir Cetinkaya

  2. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey

    Cigir Biray Avci

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  1. Busra Demir Cetinkaya
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Contributions

CBA provided the conception of the manuscript. BDC performed the literature search, reviewed the content, drafted the text, and critically revised the work. CBA wrote and approved the final manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Cigir Biray Avci.

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Demir Cetinkaya, B., Biray Avci, C. Molecular perspective on targeted therapy in breast cancer: a review of current status. Med Oncol 39, 149 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-022-01749-1

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