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Optimizing tumor immune response through combination of radiation and immunotherapy

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Abstract

Radiation therapy and immunotherapy are two highly evolving modalities for the treatment of solid tumors. Immunotherapeutic drugs can either stimulate the immune system via immunogenic pathways or target co-inhibitory checkpoints. An augmented tumor cell recognition by host immune cells can be achieved post-irradiation, as irradiated tissues can release chemical signals which are sensed by the immune system resulting in its activation. Different strategies combining both treatment modalities were tested in order to achieve a better therapeutic response and longer tumor control. Both regimens act synergistically to one another with complimentary mechanisms. In this review, we explore the scientific basis behind such a combination, starting initially with a brief historical overview behind utilizing radiation and immunotherapies for solid tumors, followed by the different types of these two modalities, and the biological concept behind their synergistic effect. We also shed light on the common side effects and toxicities associated with radiation and immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss previous clinical trials tackling this multimodality combination and highlight future ongoing research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Data Management and Clinical Research Unit, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute- NKBCI American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Lebanon

    Alissar El Chediak & Ali Shamseddine

  2. Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

    Larry Bodgi, Fady Geara & Youssef H. Zeidan

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Jean-Pierre Obeid

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  1. Alissar El Chediak
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Correspondence to Ali Shamseddine.

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El Chediak, A., Shamseddine, A., Bodgi, L. et al. Optimizing tumor immune response through combination of radiation and immunotherapy. Med Oncol 34, 165 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-017-1025-z

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