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Myeloid Cells and Chronic Liver Disease: a Comprehensive Review

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Abstract

Myeloid cells play a major role in the sensitization to liver injury, particularly in chronic inflammatory liver diseases with a biliary or hepatocellular origin, and the interplay between myeloid cells and the liver may explain the increased incidence of hepatic osteodystrophy. The myeloid cell-liver axis involves several mature myeloid cells as well as immature or progenitor cells with the complexity of the liver immune microenvironment aggravating the mist of cell differentiation. The unique positioning of the liver at the junction of the peripheral and portal circulation systems underlines the interaction of myeloid cells and hepatic cells and leads to immune tolerance breakdown. We herein discuss the scenarios of different chronic liver diseases closely modulated by myeloid cells and illustrate the numerous potential targets, the understanding of which will ultimately steer the development of solid immunotherapeutic regimens. Ultimately, we are convinced that an adequate modulation of the liver microenvironment to modify the functional and quantitative characteristics of myeloid cells will be a successful approach to treating chronic liver diseases of different etiologies.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants (nos. 81325002, 81620108002, and 81771732 to XM).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China

    Min Lian & Xiong Ma

  2. Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy

    Carlo Selmi

  3. BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Carlo Selmi

  4. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    M. Eric Gershwin

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  1. Min Lian
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  2. Carlo Selmi
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  3. M. Eric Gershwin
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  4. Xiong Ma
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Correspondence to Xiong Ma.

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Lian, M., Selmi, C., Gershwin, M.E. et al. Myeloid Cells and Chronic Liver Disease: a Comprehensive Review. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 54, 307–317 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-017-8664-x

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