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Recent Advances of Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: State of the Art

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Abstract

Nanomedicine is one of the growing fields that presents new techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are considered as an important class of nanomaterials that possess superior physicochemical properties that make them valuable in medical applications. Unique optical properties of GNPs and their utility in photothermal and radiotherapy have extended a new platform for early detection and treatment of cancer, lately. Nanostructures based on GNPs are nontoxic and biocompatible with a large surface area that makes it possible to modify their surface with different chemicals including different polymers, antibodies, and even drug molecules. Therefore, they are utilized for targeted drug delivery in order to carry drugs and selectively release them in desired tissues which reduces destructive effects on healthy cells while it elevates the drug dose in cancerous ones. This review mainly covers the basic properties of GNPs, their synthesis methods, and focuses on surface modification of these nanoparticles and their diagnosis and therapeutic applications in cancer.

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Acknowledgements

This work is funded by the 2017 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Grant. The authors would like to express their appreciation to Soodabeh Davaran and Ebrahim Mostafavi for their kind support and assistance with this review.

Author contributions

A.A. and M.F. conceived the study and participated in its design and coordination. N.S.A. participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. S.D. and E.M. revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran

    Negar Sedghi Aminabad & Masoud Farshbaf

  2. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Abolfazl Akbarzadeh

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Abolfazl Akbarzadeh

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  1. Negar Sedghi Aminabad
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Aminabad, N.S., Farshbaf, M. & Akbarzadeh, A. Recent Advances of Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: State of the Art. Cell Biochem Biophys 77, 123–137 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-018-0863-4

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