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Composition-driven Surface Domain Structuring Mediated by Sphingolipids and Membrane-active Proteins

Above the Nano- but under the Micro-scale: Mesoscopic Biochemical/Structural Cross-talk in Biomembranes

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Abstract

Biomembranes contain a wide variety of lipids and proteins within an essentially two-dimensional structure. The coexistence of such a large number of molecular species causes local tensions that frequently relax into a phase or compositional immiscibility along the lateral and transverse planes of the interface. As a consequence, a substantial microheterogeneity of the surface topography develops and that depends not only on the lipid–protein composition, but also on the lateral and transverse tensions generated as a consequence of molecular interactions. The presence of proteins, and immiscibility among lipids, constitute major perturbing factors for the membrane sculpturing both in terms of its surface topography and dynamics. In this work, we will summarize some recent evidences for the involvement of membrane-associated, both extrinsic and amphitropic, proteins as well as membrane-active phosphohydrolytic enzymes and sphingolipids in driving lateral segregation of phase domains thus determining long-range surface topography.

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Abbreviations

GSLs:

Glycosphingolipids

Cer:

N-acylsphingosine (ceramide)

GalCer:

Galβ1-1′Cer

Suphatide:

HSO3-3Galβ1-1′Cer

GluCer:

Glcβ1-1′Cer

Gg4Cer (asialo-GM1):

Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer

GM1 (II3NeuAc-CgOse4Cer):

Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4Gal(3-2αNeuAc)β1-4Glcβ1-1′Cer

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

dpPC:

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

doPC:

Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine

dsPC:

Distearoylphosphatidylcholine

dmPC:

Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine

dlPC:

Dilauroylphosphatidylcholine

doPG:

Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol

dpPE:

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine

PIP2 :

Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate

Ch:

Cholesterol

SM:

Sphingomyelin

NBD-PE:

1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-bensoxadiazol-4-yl)

Rh-PE:

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-phosphoethanolamine-N-[lyssamine rhodamine B sulfonyl]

DI:

1,1′-Didodecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate

HI :

Hexagonal I (micellar) phase

HII :

Hexagonal II (inverse micellar) phase

PLA2 :

Phospholipase A2

PLC:

Phospholipase C

SMase:

Sphingomyelinase

MBP:

Myelin basic protein

PLP:

Folch’s proteolipid

MARCKS:

Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate

T m :

Transition temperature

IR:

Infrared spectroscopy

EPR:

Electron paramagnetic resonance

BAM:

Brewster angle microscopy.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by: SECyT-UNC, CONICET and FONCyT (Argentina); B.M., G.A.B, M.L.F., R.G.O. and N.W. are Career Investigators of CONICET; M.D.B. and C.M.R. are Doctoral Fellows of CONICET; and L.D. is a Doctoral Fellow of FONCYT. R. G. O. thanks The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a Research Fellowship.

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  1. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Cordoba, X5000HUA, Argentina

    Bruno Maggio, Graciela A. Borioli, Maximiliano Del Boca, Luisina De Tullio, María L. Fanani, Rafael G. Oliveira, Carla M. Rosetti & Natalia Wilke

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  1. Bruno Maggio
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  2. Graciela A. Borioli
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Correspondence to Bruno Maggio.

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All the authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order.

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Maggio, B., Borioli, G.A., Del Boca, M. et al. Composition-driven Surface Domain Structuring Mediated by Sphingolipids and Membrane-active Proteins. Cell Biochem Biophys 50, 79–109 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-007-9004-1

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