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Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity of Cadmium and Zinc on Artemia franciscana

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Abstract

Despite not being redox-active metals, Cd and Zn can disrupt cellular redox homeostasis by acting pro-oxidatively. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exposure to Zn (14 and 72 mg/L) and Cd (7.7 and 77 mg/L) for 24 and 48 h on oxidative and antioxidative parameters and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in Artemia franciscana tissue. In addition, the neurotoxicity of the metals was examined by determining the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In A. franciscana tissue, Cd (0.0026 ± 0.0001 mg/L) was detected only after 48 h of exposure to 77 mg/L Cd. After 24 h, the 14- and 72-mg/L Zn treatments resulted in significant increases in the Zn concentration (0.54 ± 0.026 mg/L (p < 0.01) and 0.68 ± 0.035 (p < 0.0001), respectively) in A. franciscana tissue compared with the control level, and significant increases were also detected after 48 h (0.59 ± 0.02 (p < 0.0001) and 0.79 ± 0.015 (p < 0.0001), respectively). The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the metal-treated samples was increased after 24 h of exposure, whereas after 48 h, an increase in the MDA concentration was detected only with 7.7. mg/L Cd. A significant increase in the H2O2 concentration after 24 h was measured only after treatment with 72 mg/L Zn. The treatment with 7.7 mg/L Cd for 24 h induced a significant increase in the AChE activity, whereas 48 h of treatment with 77 mg/L Cd and 14 mg/L Zn significantly inhibited AChE. The results indicate that lipid peroxidation resulting from metal toxicity may constitute the basis of neurotoxicity.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable reques.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departmant of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Biljana Kukavica, Dejan Dmitrović & Goran Šukalo

  2. Departmant of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Biljana Davidović-Plavšić

  3. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia

    Ana Savić

  4. Miloš Dujić Elementary School, Čelinac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Sandra Đurić-Savić

  5. Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Goran Vučić

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Contributions

Biljana Kukavica: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, ınvestigation, data curation, writing — original draft. Biljana Davidović-Plavšić: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, ınvestigation, data curation, review and correction. Ana Savić: data curation, review and correction. Dejan Dmitrović: conceptualization, methodology, review and correction. Goran Šukalo: conceptualization, methodology, review and correction. Sandra Đurić-Savić: formal analysis, data curation. Goran Vučić: formal analysis, data curation. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Biljana Kukavica.

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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Medical Faculty University of Banja Luka (No. 18/1.190–18/22).

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Supplementary Figure 1:

Online Resource 1 Representative native SOD gel of control and treated samples of A. franciscana after 24 and 48 h. The arrow indicates the detected SOD isoform and its Rf value (PNG 482 kb)

High resolution image (TIF 3.63 MB)

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Kukavica, B., Davidović-Plavšić, B., Savić, A. et al. Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity of Cadmium and Zinc on Artemia franciscana. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 2636–2649 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03352-x

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