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Aluminum Chloride- and Norepinephrine-Induced Immunotoxicity on Splenic Lymphocytes by Activating β2-AR/cAMP/PKA/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Rats

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Abstract

We found in our previous research that aluminum (Al) exposure induced immunotoxicity on spleen and increased norepinephrine (NE) content in serum from rats. However, it is unclear how NE is involved in the AlCl3 immunotoxicity on rats. Therefore, this experiment was designed to explore the mechanism of AlCl3 and NE-induced immunotoxicity on the splenic lymphocytes. Eighty male Wistar rats were orally exposed to AlCl3 (0, 64, 128, and 256 mg/kg BW) through drinking water for 120 days. Al contents in brain and spleen; NE contents in serum and in the hypothalamus; β2-AR density; cAMP content; β2-AR, PKA, and NF-κB mRNA expression levels; and protein expressions of PKA and nuclear NF-κB in splenic lymphocytes of AlCl3-treated rats were examined. The results showed that AlCl3 increased NE content in serum, the β2-AR density, the β2-AR and PKA (C-subunits) mRNA expression levels, cAMP content and the PKA (C-subunits) protein expression levels in lymphocytes, whereas, decreased NE content in the hypothalamus, the NF-κB (p65) mRNA expression level and nuclear NF-κB (p65) protein expression level in lymphocytes. These results indicated that the accumulated AlCl3 in spleen and the increased NE in serum induced the immunotoxicity on splenic lymphocytes by activating β2-AR/cAMP/PKA/NF-κB signal pathway in rats.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by a Grant from the National Science Foundation Project (31172375, 31302147).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China

    Chunyu Xiu, Limin Ren, Miao Li, Jianyu Liu & Yanfei Li

  2. School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Shiming Liu

  3. Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China

    Yanzhu Zhu

  4. Police Dog Training School of Ministry of Public Security, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China

    Jianyu Liu

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  1. Chunyu Xiu
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Correspondence to Yanfei Li.

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Xiu, C., Ren, L., Li, M. et al. Aluminum Chloride- and Norepinephrine-Induced Immunotoxicity on Splenic Lymphocytes by Activating β2-AR/cAMP/PKA/NF-κB Signal Pathway in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 162, 168–174 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0149-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0149-7

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