Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Direct fabrication and morphology of metallic micropatterns by pulsed jet nanoelectrospraying of silver nano-ink

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A pulsed jet nanoelectrospray technique was applied to direct fabrication of silver micropatterns. The deposition of a commercial organic silver nano-ink was performed in a fully voltage-controlled fashion by voltage pulses ranging from 550 to 800 V with variable durations. By using 15 μm nozzles, patterns with 100-μm-sized features were locally freeformed on a silicon substrate with a spraying distance of 250 μm. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum confirmed metallic silver was developed in all the patterns after heat treatment at 220°C. The size and microstructural evolution of silver films was observed to strongly depend on the deposition volume and material flow over substrate surface. A good linear relationship between the deposition volume and pulse duration was exhibited over the applied voltage range in the cone-jet mode, demonstrating a drop-on-demand capability. By fitting, the deposition volume rate was estimated to be in the range of 0.38–0.59 pL/ms and was shown to increase with the applied voltage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wu, N, Russe, WB, “Micro- and nano-patterns created via electrohydrodynamic instabilities.” Nano Today, 4 180–192 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Park, JU, Lee, JH, Paik, U, Lu, Y, Rogers, JA, “Nanoscale patterns of oligonucleotides formed by electrohydrodynamic jet printing with applications in biosensing and nanomaterials assembly.” Nano Lett., 8 4210–4216 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Valo, H, Peltonen, L, Vehviläinen, S, Karjalainen, M, Kostiainen, R, Laaksonen, T, Hirvonen, J, “Electrospray encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in poly(L-lactic acid) nanoparticles.” Small, 5 1791–1798 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wu, Y, Yu, B, Jackson, A, Zha, WB, Lee, L, Wyslouzil, BE, “Coaxial electrohydrodynamic spraying: a novel one-step technique to prepare oligodeoxynucleotide encapsulated lipoplex nanoparticles.” Mol. Pharm., 6 1371–1379 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Park, J, Hardy, M, Kang, S, Barton, K, Adair, K, Mukhopadhyay, DK, Lee, CY, Strano, MS, Alleyne, AG, Georgiadis, JG, Ferreira, PM, Rogers, JA, “High-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing.” Nat. Mater., 6 782–789 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang, K, Paine, MD, Stark, JPW, “Fully voltage-controlled electrohydrodynamic jet printing of conductive silver tracks with a sub-100 μm linewidth.” J. Appl. Phys., 106 024907 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lee, D, Shin, Y, Park, S, Yu, T, Hwang, J, “Electrohydrodynamic printing of silver nanoparticles by using a focused nanocolloid jet.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 90 081905 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wu, YQ, Clark, RL, “Electrohydrodynamic atomization: a versatile process for preparing materials for biomedical applications.” J. Biomater. Sci., 19 573–601 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Taylor, GI, “Disintegration of water drops in an electric field.” Proc. R. Soc., 280 383–397 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zeleny, J, “Instability of electrified liquid surfaces.” Phys. Rev., 10 1–6 (1917)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jaworek, A, Krupa, A, “Classification of the modes of EHD spraying.” J. Aerosol. Sci., 30 873–893 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Choi, J, Kim, Y, Lee, S, Son, S, Ko, H, Nguyen, V, Byun, D, “Drop-on-demand printing of conductive ink by electrostatic field induced inkjet head.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 93 193508 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Paine, MD, Alexander, MS, Smith, KL, Wang, M, Stark, JPW, “Controlled electrospray pulsation for deposition of femtoliter fluid droplets onto surfaces.” J. Aerosol. Sci., 38 315–324 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Poon, HF, Saville, DA, Aksay, IA, “Linear colloidal arrays by electrohydrodynamic printing.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 93 133114 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rocks, SA, Wang, D, Sun, D, Jayasinghe, SN, Edirisinghe, MJ, Dorey, RA, “Direct writing of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric structures by electrohydrodynamic atomization.” J. Electroceram., 19 287–293 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wei, JF, Shui, WQ, Zhou, F, Lu, Y, Chen, KK, Xu, GB, Yang, PY, “Naturally and externally pulsed electrospray.” Mass Spectrom. Rev., 21 148–162 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yogi, O, Kawakami, T, Yamauchi, M, Ye, JY, Ishikawa, M, “On-Demand Droplet Spotter for Preparing Pico- to Femtoliter Droplets on Surfaces.” Anal. Chem., 73 1896–1902 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen, CH, Saville, DA, Aksay, IA, “Scaling laws for pulsed electrohydrodynamic drop formation.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 89 124103 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang, K, Paine, MD, Stark, JPW, “Freeform fabrication of metallic patterns by unforced electrohydrodynamic jet printing of organic silver ink.” J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 20 1154–1157 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang, K, Stark, JPW, “Direct fabrication of electrically functional microstructures by fully voltage-controlled electrohydrodynamic jet printing of silver nano-ink.” Appl. Phys. A, 99 763–766 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang, K, Stark, JPW, “Deposition of colloidal gold nanoparticles by fully pulsed-voltage-controlled electrohydrodynamic atomisation.” J. Nanoparticle Res., 12 707–711 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Alexander, MS, Paine, MD, Stark, JPW, “Pulsation modes and the effect of applied voltage on current and flowrate in nanoelectrospray.” Anal. Chem., 78 2658–2664 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wilm, MS, Mann, M, “Electrospray and Taylor-Cone Theory, Dole’s Beam of Macromolecules at Last?” Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 136 167–180 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, K, Stark, JPW, “Voltage Effects on the Nanoelectrospray Characteristics in Fully Voltage-Controlled Atomisation of Gold Nanocolloids.” Anal. Chim. Acta, 679 (1–2) 81–84 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tran, S, Byun, D, Nguyen, V, Kang, T, “Liquid Meniscus Oscillation and Drop Ejection by ac Voltage, Pulsed dc Voltage, and Superimposing dc to ac Voltages.” Phys. Rev. E, 80 026318 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kim, J, Oh, H, Kim, S, “Electrohydrodynamic Drop-on-Demand Patterning in Pulsed Cone-Jet Mode at Various Frequencies.” Aerosol Sci., 39 819–825 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Stachewicz, U, Dijksman, JF, Burdinski, D, Yurteri, CU, Marijnissen, JCM, “Relaxation Times in Single Event Electrospraying Controlled by Nozzle Front Surface Modification.” Langmuir, 25 2540–2549 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kim, YJ, Kim, SY, Lee, JS, Hwang, JH, Kim, YJ, “On-Demand Electrohydrodynamic Jetting with Meniscus Control by a Piezoelectric Actuator for Ultra-Fine Patterns.” J. Micromech. Microeng., 19 107001 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Paine, MD, “Transient Electrospray Behaviour Following High Voltage Switching.” Microfluid. Nanofluid., 6 775–783 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK

    Ke Wang & John P. W. Stark

  2. Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK

    Ke Wang

Authors
  1. Ke Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John P. W. Stark
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ke Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, K., Stark, J.P.W. Direct fabrication and morphology of metallic micropatterns by pulsed jet nanoelectrospraying of silver nano-ink. J Coat Technol Res 9, 317–322 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-011-9370-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-011-9370-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation