Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke is an important plant for industrial inulin production. Jerusalem artichoke extract was clarified by ultra-filtration. Tests were performed to investigate effects of membrane pore size and operation conditions (trans-membrane pressure and rotation speed) on filtration kinetics and membrane-fouling mechanism. Membrane fouling was proved the main filtration resistance for a 20-kDa membrane, while concentration polarization-induced resistance was dominant for 30-, 50-, and 100-kDa membranes. Despite their similar filtration behavior, the 50-kDa membrane, compared to the 100-kDa membrane, led to less protein content (impurity) in the filtrate. Studies with the rotation speed varied from 0 to 1600 rpm and trans-membrane pressure from 0.2 to 0.4 MPa demonstrated that stirring was essential for elimination of membrane fouling. Competition of driving force and fouling was justified when trans-membrane pressure increased from 0.3 to 0.4 MPa. Filtrate analysis including protein removal, turbidity, and inulin purity revealed that ultra-filtration using the 50-kDa membrane with a trans-membrane pressure of 0.3 MPa and a rotation speed of 800 rpm was able to clarify the Jerusalem artichoke extract, removing 99% protein, and obtain a filtrate with inulin purity of 98%.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Apolinário, A. C., de Lima Damasceno, B. P. G., de Macêdo Beltrão, N. E., Pessoa, A., Converti, A., & da Silva, J. A. (2014). Inulin-type fructans: a review on different aspects of biochemical and pharmaceutical technology. Carbohydrate Polymers, 101, 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.081.
Barclay, T., Ginic-Markovic, M., Cooper, P., & Petrovsky, N. (2010). Inulin—a versatile polysaccharide with multiple pharmaceutical and food chemical uses. Journal of Excipients & Food Chemicals, 1(3), 27–50.
Bott, R., Langeloh, T., & Ehrfeld, E. (2000). Dynamic cross flow filtration. Chemical Engineering Journal, 80(1), 245–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(00)00097-6.
Cassano, A., Donato, L., & Drioli, E. (2007). Ultrafiltration of kiwifruit juice: operating parameters, juice quality and membrane fouling. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(2), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.02.020.
de la Garza, F., & Boulton, R. (1984). The modeling of wine filtrations. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 35(4), 189–195.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28(3), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017.
Franck, A., & De Leenheer, L. (2005). Inulin. Biopolymers online.
Galanakis, C. M. (2012). Recovery of high added-value components from food wastes: conventional, emerging technologies and commercialized applications. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 26(2), 68–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2012.03.003.
Gokmen, V., & Cetinkaya, O. (2007). Effect of pretreatment with gelatin and bentonite on permeate flux and fouling layer resistance during apple juice ultrafiltration. Journal of Food Engineering, 80(1), 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.04.060.
Gunnarsson, I. B., Svensson, S.-E., Johansson, E., Karakashev, D., & Angelidaki, I. (2014). Potential of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a biorefinery crop. Industrial Crops and Products, 56, 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.03.010.
Jiraratananon, R., & Chanachai, A. (1996). A study of fouling in the ultrafiltration of passion fruit juice. Journal of Membrane Science, 111(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(95)00270-7.
Jiraratananon, R., Uttapap, D., & Tangamornsuksun, C. (1997). Self-forming dynamic membrane for ultrafiltration of pineapple juice. Journal of Membrane Science, 129(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00046-X.
Khuenpet, K., Fukuoka, M., Jittanit, W., & Sirisansaneeyakul, S. (2017). Spray drying of inulin component extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder using conventional and ohmic-ultrasonic heating for extraction process. Journal of Food Engineering, 194, 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.009.
Krawczyk, H., Oinonen, P., & Jönsson, A.-S. (2013). Combined membrane filtration and enzymatic treatment for recovery of high molecular mass hemicelluloses from chemithermomechanical pulp process water. Chemical Engineering Journal, 225, 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.03.089.
Laorko, A., Li, Z., Tongchitpakdee, S., Chantachum, S., & Youravong, W. (2010). Effect of membrane property and operating conditions on phytochemical properties and permeate flux during clarification of pineapple juice. Journal of Food Engineering, 100(3), 514–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.039.
Li, W., Zhang, J., Yu, C., Li, Q., Dong, F., Wang, G., Gu, G., & Guo, Z. (2015). Extraction, degree of polymerization determination and prebiotic effect evaluation of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke. Carbohydrate Polymers, 121, 315–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.055.
Loginov, M., Loginova, K., Lebovka, N., & Vorobiev, E. (2011). Comparison of dead-end ultrafiltration behaviour and filtrate quality of sugar beet juices obtained by conventional and “cold” PEF-assisted diffusion. Journal of Membrane Science, 377(1–2), 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.05.008.
Luo, J., Cao, W., Ding, L., Zhu, Z., Wan, Y., & Jaffrin, M. Y. (2012). Treatment of dairy effluent by shear-enhanced membrane filtration: the role of foulants. Separation and Purification Technology, 96(0), 194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.06.009.
Luo, J., Meyer, A. S., Jonsson, G., & Pinelo, M. (2013a). Fouling-induced enzyme immobilization for membrane reactors. Bioresource Technology, 147, 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.019.
Luo, J., Zhu, Z., Ding, L., Bals, O., Wan, Y., Jaffrin, M. Y., & Vorobiev, E. (2013b). Flux behavior in clarification of chicory juice by high-shear membrane filtration: evidence for threshold flux. Journal of Membrane Science, 435(0), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.01.057.
Miller, G. L. (1959). Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry, 31(3), 426–428. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030.
Rai, P., & De, S. (2009). Clarification of pectin-containing juice using ultrafiltration. Current Science, 1361–1371.
Rai, P., Majumdar, G., DasGupta, S., & De, S. (2006a). Modeling of sucrose permeation through a pectin gel during ultrafiltration of depectinized mosambi [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] juice. Journal of Food Science, 71(2), E87–E94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb08901.x.
Rai, P., Majumdar, G., Sharma, G., Gupta, S. D., & De, S. (2006b). Effect of various cutoff membranes on permeate flux and quality during filtration of mosambi (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juice. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 84(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1205/fbp.05181.
Rai, P., Rai, C., Majumdar, G., DasGupta, S., & De, S. (2006c). Resistance in series model for ultrafiltration of mosambi (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juice in a stirred continuous mode. Journal of Membrane Science, 283(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.018.
Reis, M. H. M., Da Silva, F. V., Andrade, C. M. G., Rezende, S. L., Maciel, M. R. W., & Bergamasco, R. (2009). Clarification and purification of aqueous stevia extract using membrane separation process. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 32(3), 338–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2007.00219.x.
Rushton, J. (1950). Power characteristics of mixing impellers part 1. Chemical Engineering Progress, 46, 395–404.
Saha, N., Balakrishnan, M., & Ulbricht, M. (2006). Polymeric membrane fouling in sugarcane juice ultrafiltration: role of juice polysaccharides. Desalination, 189(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.06.013.
Saha, N., Balakrishnan, M., & Ulbricht, M. (2007). Sugarcane juice ultrafiltration: FTIR and SEM analysis of polysaccharide fouling. Journal of Membrane Science, 306(1), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.09.006.
Saleem, M., Alibardi, L., Cossu, R., Lavagnolo, M. C., & Spagni, A. (2017). Analysis of fouling development under dynamic membrane filtration operation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 312, 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.123.
Seljåsen, R., & Slimestad, R. (2005). Fructooligosaccharides and phenolics in flesh and peel of spring harvested Helianthus tuberosus. In: I International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables 744, pp 447–450.
Wei, L., Wang, J., Zheng, X., Teng, D., Yang, Y., Cai, C., Feng, T., & Zhang, F. (2007). Studies on the extracting technical conditions of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(3), 1087–1093.
Wojciech, B., Celińska, E., Dembczyński, R., Szymanowska, D., Nowacka, M., Jesionowski, T., & Grajek, W. (2013). Cross-flow microfiltration of fermentation broth containing native corn starch. Journal of Membrane Science, 427, 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.09.046.
Yazdanshenas, M., Tabatabaee-Nezhad, S. A. R., Soltanieh, M., Roostaazad, R., & Khoshfetrat, A. B. (2010). Contribution of fouling and gel polarization during ultrafiltration of raw apple juice at industrial scale. Desalination, 258(1), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.03.014.
Zhang, W., Ding, L., Grimi, N., Jaffrin, M. Y., & Tang, B. (2017). Application of UF-RDM (ultafiltration rotating disk membrane) module for separation and concentration of leaf protein from alfalfa juice: optimization of operation conditions. Separation and Purification Technology, 175, 365–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.059.
Zhang, W., Grimi, N., Jaffrin, M. Y., & Ding, L. (2015). Leaf protein concentration of alfalfa juice by membrane technology. Journal of Membrane Science, 489, 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.092.
Zhu, Z., Ladeg, S., Ding, L., Bals, O., Nadji, M.-M., Jaffrin, M. Y., & Vorobiev, E. (2014). Study of rotating disk assisted dead-end filtration of chicory juice and its performance optimization. Industrial Crops and Products, 53(0), 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.12.030.
Zhu, Z., Liu, Y., Guan, Q., He, J., Liu, G., Li, S., Ding, L., & Jaffrin, M. Y. (2015). Purification of purple sweet potato extract by dead-end filtration and investigation of membrane fouling mechanism. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 8(8), 1680–1689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-015-1532-x.
Zhu, Z., Luo, J., Ding, L., Bals, O., Jaffrin, M. Y., & Vorobiev, E. (2013). Chicory juice clarification by membrane filtration using rotating disk module. Journal of Food Engineering, 115(2), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.10.028.
Zhu, Z., Mhemdi, H., Zhang, W., Ding, L., Bals, O., Jaffrin, M. Y., Grimi, N., & Vorobiev, E. (2016). Rotating disk-assisted cross-flow ultrafiltration of sugar beet juice. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 9(3), 493–500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-015-1644-3.
Funding
Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21506166), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (2016CFB471), and “Chutian Scholar Plan” and “One Hundred-Talent Program” of Hubei Province, China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, Z., Luo, X., Yin, F. et al. Clarification of Jerusalem Artichoke Extract Using Ultra-filtration: Effect of Membrane Pore Size and Operation Conditions. Food Bioprocess Technol 11, 864–873 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2054-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2054-0