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Difficult Clinical Situations in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome (D Erkan, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) associated with thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. However, there is a range of other manifestations associated with APS, called non-criteria manifestations that add significant morbidity to this syndrome and, some of them, represent difficult clinical situations to deal with. Other issues such as refractory treatment also represent challenging situations poorly addressed in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the management of difficult clinical situations in APS and provide information to help the readers in their decision-making process.

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Conflict of Interest

Renata Ferreira Rosa, Michelle Remião Ugolini-Lopes, Audrey Krüse Zenaid-Valim, Elbio D’Amico, and Danieli Andrade declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rheumatology Division, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, third floor, room 3190, São Paulo, Brazil

    Renata Ferreira Rosa, Michelle Remião Ugolini-Lopes & Danieli Andrade

  2. Hematology Division, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, Brazil

    Audrey Krüse Zeinad-Valim & Elbio D’Amico

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  1. Renata Ferreira Rosa
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  2. Michelle Remião Ugolini-Lopes
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Correspondence to Danieli Andrade.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Antiphospholipid Syndrome

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Rosa, R.F., Ugolini-Lopes, M.R., Zeinad-Valim, A.K. et al. Difficult Clinical Situations in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep 17, 29 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-015-0502-7

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