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Effects of Type 1 Diabetes on Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts

  • Bone and Diabetes (A Schwartz and P Vestergaard, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Osteoporosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To describe the effects of type 1 diabetes on bone cells.

Recent findings

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with low bone mineral density, increased risk of fractures, and poor fracture healing. Its effects on the skeleton were primarily attributed to impaired bone formation, but recent data suggests that bone remodeling and resorption are also compromised. The hyperglycemic and inflammatory environment associated with T1D impacts osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The mechanisms involved are complex; insulinopenia, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and alterations in gene expression are a few of the contributing factors leading to poor osteoblast activity and survival and, therefore, poor bone formation. In addition, the observed sclerostin level increase accompanied by decreased osteocyte number and enhanced osteoclast activity in T1D results in uncoupling of bone remodeling.

Summary

T1D negatively impacts osteoblasts and osteocytes, whereas its effects on osteoclasts are not well characterized, although the limited studies available indicate increased osteoclast activity, favoring bone resorption.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UK Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 830 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA

    Evangelia Kalaitzoglou, Iuliana Popescu, R. Clay Bunn, John L. Fowlkes & Kathryn M. Thrailkill

  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA

    Evangelia Kalaitzoglou, R. Clay Bunn, John L. Fowlkes & Kathryn M. Thrailkill

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  1. Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
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  2. Iuliana Popescu
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  3. R. Clay Bunn
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  4. John L. Fowlkes
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  5. Kathryn M. Thrailkill
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Correspondence to Evangelia Kalaitzoglou.

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Conflict of Interest

Iuliana Popescu, Kathryn Thrailkill, Robert Bunn, John Fowlkes, and Evangelia Kalaitzoglou declare no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Funding

This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants R01DK055653 (to J.L.F.) and R21AR070620 (to K.M.T). Additional funding was provided by the University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Endowment.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Bone and Diabetes

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Kalaitzoglou, E., Popescu, I., Bunn, R.C. et al. Effects of Type 1 Diabetes on Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts. Curr Osteoporos Rep 14, 310–319 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-016-0329-9

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