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Novel Bone Endocrine Networks Integrating Mineral and Energy Metabolism

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Abstract

The skeleton is an endocrine organ that regulates energy metabolism through the release of the osteoblast-derived hormone, osteocalcin (Ocn), and phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis through the secretion by osteoblasts and osteocytes of the novel hormone, FGF23 Ocn activates a widely expressed G-protein coupled receptor, GPRC6A, to regulate insulin secretion by pancreatic β−cells, testosterone secretion by testicular Leydig cells, fatty acid metabolism in the liver, and insulin sensitivity of muscle and fat, as well as other functions. FGF23 targets a limited number of tissues, including kidney, parathyroid gland, choroid plexus, and pituitary gland that co-express FGF receptors and α-Klotho complexes. Ectodomain shedding and secretion of a soluble form of Klotho also is purported to act as an anti-ageing hormone. Further elucidation of these novel endocrine networks is likely to lead to new appreciation of the cooperation between various organ systems to regulate phosphate, vitamin D, and energy metabolism.

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M Pi declares that he has no conflicts of interest.

LD Quarles is a consultant for and has received honoraria from Amgen and has received research support from the National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Division of Nephrology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave, Suite B266, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA

    Min Pi & L. Darryl Quarles

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Pi, M., Quarles, L.D. Novel Bone Endocrine Networks Integrating Mineral and Energy Metabolism. Curr Osteoporos Rep 11, 391–399 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-013-0178-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-013-0178-8

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