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The Dairy and Cancer Controversy: Milking the Evidence

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cancer risk reduction remains a significant concern for both individuals with a cancer diagnosis and those aiming to prevent it. Dairy products, a source of beneficial dietary nutrients, have sparked controversy regarding their impact on cancer risk.

Recent Findings

Evidence indicates that dairy consumption, particularly milk, can decrease colorectal cancer risk. However, cow’s milk, a key dairy product, exposes individuals to growth hormones, notably insulin-like growth factor-1, potentially elevating cancer risk. Extensive research supports the link between dairy intake and heightened prostate cancer risk. Nonetheless, investigations into dairy’s association with breast, ovarian, and other cancers yield mixed results.

Summary

The overall data on dairy and cancer remains inconclusive. Available data suggests that a diet emphasizing fiber-rich foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, while restricting milk and dairy intake—similar to the Mediterranean dietary pattern—might mitigate cancer incidence. However, further research is crucial to elucidate the precise role of dairy products in overall cancer risk.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition and Food Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wilmington, DE, USA

    Taylor E. Scialo

  2. Nutrition and Food Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, ME, USA

    Crystal M. Pace

  3. UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Donald I. Abrams

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DA is responsible for idea conception. Literature search and analysis completed by TS, CP, and DA. Article draft by TS and CP with critical review by DA. All authors contributed to this work.

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Scialo, T.E., Pace, C.M. & Abrams, D.I. The Dairy and Cancer Controversy: Milking the Evidence. Curr Oncol Rep 26, 191–199 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-024-01496-8

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