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Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders

  • Central Nervous System and Cognition (SS Spudich, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current HIV/AIDS Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-1 infection is commonly associated with neurological disorders and cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Severe and progressive neurocognitive impairment is rarely observed in the post-cART era; however, asymptomatic and mild neurocognitive disorders still exist, despite viral suppression. Additionally, comorbid conditions can also contribute to the pathogenesis of HAND.

Recent Findings

In this review, we summarize the characterization of HAND, factors contributing, and the functional impairments in both preclinical and clinical models. Specifically, we also discuss recent advances in the animal models of HAND and in in vitro cultures and the potential role of drugs of abuse in this model system of HAND. Potential peripheral biomarkers associated with HAND are also discussed.

Summary

Overall, this review identifies some of the recent advances in the field of HAND in cell culture studies, animal models, clinical findings, and the limitations of each model system, which can play a key role in developing novel therapeutics in the field.

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Funding

This research was funded by NIH NIDA, grant numbers MH112848, DA050545, DA044586, DA040397, DA047156, DA043138, DA052266, and AG069541. The support by CHAIN (Chronic HIV infection and Aging in NeuroAIDS) Center grant (MH062261) and NCSAR (Nebraska Center for Substance Abuse Research) is also highly acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA

    Susmita Sil, Palsamy Periyasamy, Annadurai Thangaraj, Fang Niu, Divya T. Chemparathy & Shilpa Buch

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Correspondence to Susmita Sil or Palsamy Periyasamy.

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Sil, S., Periyasamy, P., Thangaraj, A. et al. Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 18, 459–474 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-021-00570-1

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