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Role of T Lymphocytes in HIV Neuropathogenesis

  • Central Nervous System and Cognition (S Spudich, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current HIV/AIDS Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes leading to HIV assault and persistence in the central nervous system (CNS) and the elimination of HIV-infected CNS resident cells by CD8+ T lymphocytes.

Recent Findings

HIV targets the CNS early in infection, and HIV-infected individuals suffer from mild forms of neurological impairments even under antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4+ T cells and monocytes mediate HIV entry into the brain and constitute a source for HIV persistence and neuronal damage. HIV-specific CD8+ T cells are also massively recruited in the CNS in acute infection to control viral replication but cannot eliminate HIV-infected cells within the CNS.

Summary

This review summarizes the involvement of CD4+ T cells in seeding and maintaining HIV infection in the brain and describes the involvement of CD8+ T cells in HIV neuropathogenesis, playing a role still to be deciphered, either beneficial in eliminating HIV-infected cells or deleterious in releasing inflammatory cytokines.

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Funding

This work was supported by the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health R01MH106466 and by a cooperative agreement (W81XWH-07-2-0067) between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD).

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  1. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Caroline Subra & Lydie Trautmann

  2. U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Caroline Subra & Lydie Trautmann

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Subra, C., Trautmann, L. Role of T Lymphocytes in HIV Neuropathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 16, 236–243 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-019-00445-6

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