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Mucosal exposure to antigen: Cause or cure of type 1 diabetes?

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Abstract

The human gut offers more than 200 m2 of mucosal surface, where direct interactions between the immune system and foreign antigens take place to eliminate pathogens or induce immune tolerance toward food antigens or normal gut flora. Therefore, mucosally administered antigens can induce tolerance under certain circumstances. In autoimmune diabetes, mucosal vaccination with autoantigens elicits some efficacy in restoring tolerance in mice, but it never succeeded in humans. Furthermore, in some instances autoimmunity can be precipitated upon oral or intranasal autoantigen administration. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the effect of mucosal vaccination on autoimmunity and much effort should be put into establishing better assays to reduce the risk for possible adverse events in humans and enable a rapid and smooth translation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Developmental Immunology 3, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    Georgia Fousteri PhD

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  1. Georgia Fousteri PhD
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  2. Matthias von Herrath MD
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  3. Damien Bresson PhD
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Correspondence to Georgia Fousteri PhD.

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Fousteri, G., von Herrath, M. & Bresson, D. Mucosal exposure to antigen: Cause or cure of type 1 diabetes?. Curr Diab Rep 7, 91–98 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-007-0017-3

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