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Female-Specific Factors for IHD: Across the Reproductive Lifespan

  • Women and Ischemic Heart Disease (M Gulati, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Atherosclerosis Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the number one health threat to women in the USA. While significant advances in female-specific symptoms and pathophysiology have begun to improve mortality rates, a closer look at risk factors across a woman’s lifespan needs to be explored. This review targets three time frames: premenopause, pregnancy, and postmenopause. During premenopause, menstrual cycle patterns and estrogen status provide information for IHD risk. Pregnancy conditions provide another window of time that potentially contributes to future cardiovascular risk. Lastly, there is a rise in IHD events and mortality after menopause. Research continues to decipher the impact of estrogen decline at this stage and the effect of menopause hormone therapy as they relate to the cardiovascular health of menopausal women.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by contracts from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institutes, nos. N01-HV-68161, N01-HV-68162, N01-HV-68163, N01-HV-68164, K23HL105787, grants U0164829, U01 HL649141, U01 HL649241, T32HL69751, R01-HL090957, 1R03AG032631 from the National Institute on Aging, GCRC grant MO1-RR00425 from the National Center for Research Resources, The Women’s Guild of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, the Edythe L. Broad Women’s Heart Research Fellowship, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, the Barbra Streisand Women’s Cardiovascular Research and Education Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, The Society for Women’s Health Research (SWHR), Washington, D.C., and the Linda Joy Pollin Women’s Heart Health Program, Los Angeles, CA.

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Conflict of Interest

Chrisandra Shufelt, Talya Waldman, Erica Wang, declare that they have no conflict of interest. C. Noel Bairey Merz, declares Victor Change Cardiac Research Institute (Australia), University of New Mexico, NIH-SEP, and Research Triangle Institute International.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8631 W. Third Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA

    Chrisandra Shufelt, Talya Waldman & C. Noel Bairey Merz

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Erica Wang

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  1. Chrisandra Shufelt
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  4. C. Noel Bairey Merz
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Correspondence to Chrisandra Shufelt.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Women and Ischemic Heart Disease

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Shufelt, C., Waldman, T., Wang, E. et al. Female-Specific Factors for IHD: Across the Reproductive Lifespan. Curr Atheroscler Rep 17, 5 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-014-0481-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-014-0481-6

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