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Role of Innate Immune System in Environmental Lung Diseases

  • Allergies and the Environment (T Moran, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The lung mucosa functions as a principal barrier between the body and inhaled environmental irritants and pathogens. Precise and targeted surveillance mechanisms are required at this lung-environment interface to maintain homeostasis and preserve gas exchange. This is performed by the innate immune system, a germline-encoded system that regulates initial responses to foreign irritants and pathogens. Environmental pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), and other products of combustion (NO2, SO3, etc.), both stimulate and disrupt the function of the innate immune system of the lung, leading to the potential for pathologic consequences.

Purpose of review

The purpose of this review is to explore recent discoveries and investigations into the role of the innate immune system in responding to environmental exposures. This focuses on mechanisms by which the normal function of the innate immune system is modified by environmental agents leading to disruptions in respiratory function.

Recent findings

This is a narrative review of mechanisms of pulmonary innate immunity and the impact of environmental exposures on these responses. Recent findings highlighted in this review are categorized by specific components of innate immunity including epithelial function, macrophages, pattern recognition receptors, and the microbiome. Overall, the review supports broad impacts of environmental exposures to alterations to normal innate immune functions and has important implications for incidence and exacerbations of lung disease.

Summary

The innate immune system plays a critical role in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis in response to inhaled air pollutants. As many of these agents are unable to be mitigated, understanding their mechanistic impact is critical to develop future interventions to limit their pathologic consequences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Marissa A. Guttenberg, Aaron T. Vose & Robert M. Tighe

  2. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2969, Durham, NC, USA

    Robert M. Tighe

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  1. Marissa A. Guttenberg
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Guttenberg, M.A., Vose, A.T. & Tighe, R.M. Role of Innate Immune System in Environmental Lung Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 21, 34 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-021-01011-0

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