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Analysis and estimation of gaseous air pollutant emissions emitted into the atmosphere during Manavgat and Milas wildfire episodes using remote sensing data and ground measurements

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Abstract

In this study, the concentration levels of CO, NO2, CH2O, SO2, and O3 gases emitted during the two biggest wildfire episodes observed in Manavgat and Milas, Türkiye in 2021 were analyzed and spatio-temporal gas concentrations were estimated. Using the remote sensing imagery from Sentinel-5P satellite, a daily based time-series data analysis was performed over the Google Earth Engine platform (GEEp) and the gas emission levels (mol/m2) during the wildfires were obtained. The processed time-series data has been associated with the measurements from ground-stations of Türkiye National Air Quality Monitoring Network, allowing unit conversion to gas concentration unit in μg/m3. Based on predicted gas concentrations, statistical performance measurements were calculated with actual ground-station measurements. According to the spatio-temporal gas concentrations, the highest levels of CO gas emissions were detected on July 29th in Manavgat 5492.63 ± 325.12 μg/m3 and on August 5th in Milas 1071.14 ± 230.41 μg/m3. During the wildfire episodes NO2 concentration has reached to 383.52 ± 19.31 μg/m3 in Manavgat and 34.76 ± 8.20 μg/m3 in Milas. The O3 levels during the wildfires were estimated as 5.54 ± 16.09 μg/m3 in Manavgat and 41.22 ± 2.07 μg/m3 in Milas. The average SO2 concentration was 71.49 ± 4.2 μg/m3 in Manavgat and 165.35 ± 6.51 μg/m3 in Milas. Also, the average CH2O concentration was estimated as 12.83 ± 5.07 μg/m3 in Manavgat and 17.91 ± 4.41 μg/m3 in Milas. R2 values were between 0.67 and 0.84. Generally, IA values were higher than 0.70. The statistical results showed that our approach was reasonably successful in the prediction of the spatio-temporal wildfire gas emissions and can be applied to such scenarios.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Google Earth Engine repository, Satellite image download link: https://code.earthengine.google.com/a33abc3d83cfea4f825b078f4cb77a70 Time-series analyses link: https://code.earthengine.google.com/b15d53dbd1f460ebbbbe6a939d84e7ce

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  1. Faculty of Forestry, Düzce University, Konuralp Campus, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye

    Tunahan Çinar & Abdurrahim Aydin

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Düzce University, Konuralp Campus, 81620, Düzce, Türkiye

    Fatih Taşpinar

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  1. Tunahan Çinar
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Tunahan Çınar, Fatih Taşpınar and Abdurrahim Aydın. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Tunahan Çınar and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Çinar, T., Taşpinar, F. & Aydin, A. Analysis and estimation of gaseous air pollutant emissions emitted into the atmosphere during Manavgat and Milas wildfire episodes using remote sensing data and ground measurements. Air Qual Atmos Health 17, 559–579 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01463-5

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