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Risks of hospital outpatient visits for overall and cause-specific respiratory disease associated with particulate matter pollution in Lanzhou, China

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Abstract

Until now, few epidemiological studies have focused on the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution and hospital outpatient visits for overall and cause-specific respiratory disease, especially in Lanzhou. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 on hospital outpatient visits for overall and subtypes of respiratory disease in Lanzhou, China, during 2007–2017, using a generalized additive model (GAM). We further assessed the impact of ambient size-fractioned PM on daily total and cause-specific respiratory morbidity, following a series of air quality improvement action in the area with overall and period-specific analyses. Positive associations were identified between PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 and daily morbidity rates from overall respiratory diseases, upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, and COPD at different lag pattern. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag07, PMC at lag03, and PM10 at lag06 corresponded to an increase of 1.353% (95% CI: 1.249%, 1.457%), 0.052% (95%CI: 0.015%, 0.089%), and 0.201% (95% CI: 0.165%, 0.236%) in daily hospital outpatient visits for total respiratory, respectively. We did not find significant effects of PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 on asthma. For specific subtypes of respiratory diseases, the effects of PM were strongest on pneumonia morbidity, with an increase of 3.712% (95% CI: 3.308%, 4.117%), 0.874% (95% CI: 0.698%, 1.051%), and 0.967% (95% CI: 0.836%, 1.099%) per 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, PMC, and PM10, respectively. The exposure-response association was non-linear across the full range of exposures. With drastic reductions in annual PM levels, the three size-specific PM associate and respiratory morbidity risk showed decreasing trend over time. This study suggests that PM could exert adverse influences on the outcomes of all-cause and cause-specific respiratory outpatient visits in Lanzhou, China. PM2.5 would have significant effects on pneumonia and RTI. Strategies should be considered to further reduce levels of ambient PM2.5.

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Abbreviations

URTI:

Upper respiratory tract infection

LRTI:

Lower respiratory tract infection

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

GAM:

Generalized additive model

ER:

Excessive risk

PM:

Particulate matter

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Funding

This study was supported by the Chengguan Science and Technology Plan Projects in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City (2018-7-10), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71861026), and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China (Grant No.18JR3RA354).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Jiyuan Dong & Renqing Yang

  2. School of Economics and Management, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People’s Republic of China

    Guangyu Zhai

  3. Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, People’s Republic of China

    Jiancheng Wang

  4. Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Hairong Bao

Authors
  1. Jiyuan Dong
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  2. Renqing Yang
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  3. Guangyu Zhai
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  4. Jiancheng Wang
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  5. Hairong Bao
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Contributions

JY Dong designed the study and wrote the paper; RQ Yang revised the paper with equal contribution as co-first author; GY Zhai analyzed the data and interpreted the result; JC Wang and HR Bao collected and collated the hospital data. All the authors read the paper, offered interpretation, and provided comments on the final draft of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jiyuan Dong.

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Dong, J., Yang, R., Zhai, G. et al. Risks of hospital outpatient visits for overall and cause-specific respiratory disease associated with particulate matter pollution in Lanzhou, China. Air Qual Atmos Health 14, 1405–1415 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01030-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01030-w

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