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Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture Evolution During the Friction-Stir Processing of a Precipitation-Hardenable Aluminum Alloy

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Abstract

Friction-stir processing (FSP) has been proven as a successful method for the grain refinement of high-strength aluminum alloys. The most important attributes of this process are the fine-grain microstructure and characteristic texture, which impart suitable properties in the as-processed material. In the current work, FSP of the precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy 2219 has been carried out and the consequent evolution of microstructure and texture has been studied. The as-processed materials were characterized using electron back-scattered diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. Onion-ring formation was observed in the nugget zone, which has been found to be related to the precipitation response and crystallographic texture of the alloy. Texture development in the alloy has been attributed to the combined effect of shear deformation and dynamic recrystallization. The texture was found heterogeneous even within the nugget zone. A microtexture analysis revealed the dominance of shear texture components, with C component at the top of nugget zone and the B and A2* components in the middle and bottom. The bulk texture measurement in the nugget zone revealed a dominant C component. The development of a weaker texture along with the presence of some large particles in the nugget zone indicates particle-stimulated nucleation as the dominant nucleation mechanism during FSP. Grain growth follows the Burke and Turnbull mechanism and geometrical coalescence.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), India, for financial support and the Advanced Facility for Microscopy and Microanalysis (AFMM) at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, for providing the characterization facilities. The authors are thankful to Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram, India for providing the aluminum alloy used in the work. N.N. is grateful to Government of Canada for Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship Program (CCSP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

    Naresh Nadammal & Satish V. Kailas

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

    Jerzy Szpunar

  3. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

    Satyam Suwas

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  1. Naresh Nadammal
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  2. Satish V. Kailas
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  3. Jerzy Szpunar
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  4. Satyam Suwas
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Correspondence to Satyam Suwas.

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Nadammal, N., Kailas, S.V., Szpunar, J. et al. Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture Evolution During the Friction-Stir Processing of a Precipitation-Hardenable Aluminum Alloy. JOM 67, 1014–1021 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1394-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1394-8

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