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Comprehensive Review on Various Gas Hydrate Modelling Techniques: Prospects and Challenges

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Abstract

Gas hydrates is one the most complex flow assurance problems encountered in pipelines. The gas hydrate formation in pipelines eventually leads to the blockage of pipelines interrupting pipeline operations and affects transmission safety. Over the years, many mitigation techniques are employed to resolve gas hydrate issues in pipelines. But it is equally important to predict the formation and dissociation conditions of the hydrate formation as the experimental investigation is not always viable. So, an accurate prediction modelling approach is required for it. This paper provides a detailed overview of various gas hydrate modelling techniques. Initially, the details about the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the gas hydrates are discussed. Furthermore, the discussion on the major aspects of the thermodynamic models, Kinetic models, Statistical Models, Models developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Artificial Neural Networks techniques are highlighted. Finally, shortcomings and potential prospects of gas hydrate modelling procedures are addressed.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Anti-agglomerate

ALTA:

Automated lag time apparatus

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

CCS:

Carbon capture and storage

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

CHNS:

Carbon hydrogen nitrogen and sulfur

CPA:

Cubic Plus Association

CSMGem:

Colorado School of Mines Gibbs Energy Minimization Model

CSMHyK:

Colorado School of Mines Hydrate Kinetic Model

DFM:

Drift flux model

DLVO:

Derjaguine Landaue Verweye Overbeek

DPM:

Discrete phase model

EDL:

Electrical double layer

EES:

Engineering equation solver

EOS:

Equation of state

GA:

Genetic algorithm

GHBS:

Gas hydrate bearing sedimentation

HFT:

Hydrate formation temperature

HLVE:

Hydrate liquid vapour equilibrium

ICA:

Imperialist competitive algorithm

KHI:

Kinetic hydrate inhibitor

LCVM:

Linear combination of vidal and michelson

LDHI:

Low dosage hydrate inhibitor

MSE:

Mean square error

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PBM:

Population balance model

PDF:

Probability distribution functions

PSA:

Particle swarm algorithm

PSD:

Particle size distribution

SPSS:

Statistical product and service solutions

SSE:

Sum of squares error

TFM:

Two-phase model

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

THI:

Thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor

vdWP:

Van der Waals and Platteeuw

VLE:

Vapour liquid equilibrium

VSE:

Vapour solid equilibrium

CHB :

Threshold for hydrogen bonding

σHB :

Sigma profile

aeff :

Effective contact area between two surface segments

σdonor :

Function of the polarization charge donor interacting segments

σacceptor :

Function of the polarization charge acceptor interacting segments

T:

Temperature, K

Tf( i) :

Freezing point temperatures of water, 273 K

Tf :

Freezing point temperatures of AILs solution, K

P:

Pressure, MPa

n:

Hydration number

ΔHdiss :

Dissociation enthalpy, kJ

a:

Activity coefficient

z:

Compressibility factor

m:

Number of data points

R:

Universal gas constant, 8.314 J/(mol K)

ΔHFUS ( i) :

Heat of fusion of ice, 6008 J/mol

P:

Pressure, MPa

γg :

Gas gravity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

    Jai Krishna Sahith Sayani & Srinivasa Rao Pedapati

  2. CO2 Research Centre (CO2RES), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

    Jai Krishna Sahith Sayani & Bhajan Lal

  3. Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

    Bhajan Lal

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  1. Jai Krishna Sahith Sayani
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Sayani, J.K.S., Lal, B. & Pedapati, S.R. Comprehensive Review on Various Gas Hydrate Modelling Techniques: Prospects and Challenges. Arch Computat Methods Eng 29, 2171–2207 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-021-09651-1

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