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Aerodynamic and FSI Analysis of Wind Turbines with the ALE-VMS and ST-VMS Methods

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Abstract

We provide an overview of the aerodynamic and FSI analysis of wind turbines the first three authors’ teams carried out in recent years with the ALE-VMS and ST-VMS methods. The ALE-VMS method is the variational multiscale version of the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. The VMS components are from the residual-based VMS (RBVMS) method. The ST-VMS method is the VMS version of the deforming-spatial-domain/stabilized space–time (DSD/SST) method. The techniques complementing these core methods include weak enforcement of the essential boundary conditions, NURBS-based isogeometric analysis, using NURBS basis functions in temporal representation of the rotor motion, mesh motion and also in remeshing, rotation representation with constant angular velocity, Kirchhoff–Love shell modeling of the rotor-blade structure, and full FSI coupling. The analysis cases include the aerodynamics of standalone wind-turbine rotors, wind-turbine rotor and tower, and the FSI that accounts for the deformation of the rotor blades. The specific wind turbines considered are NREL 5MW, NREL Phase VI and Micon 65/13M, all at full scale, and our analysis for NREL Phase VI and Micon 65/13M includes comparison with the experimental data.

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Notes

  1. Although aerodynamic phenomena are generally described using the Navier–Stokes equations of compressible flows, the incompressible-flow assumption is valid for the present application.

  2. Although the trial and test function spaces for the ALE and ST formulations are different, to avoid introducing extra notation, we use the same symbols to denote these objects in both cases.

  3. The method in its current form was developed and implemented at the University of California, San Diego, when J. Kiendl, at the time a PhD student in the group of K.-U. Bletzinger at the Technical University of Munich, was visiting the research group of Y. Bazilevs. The method has similarities with the concept of “continuity patches”, introduced by K.-U. Bletzinger and collaborators in [128].

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and the San Diego Supercomputing Center (SDSC) for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported in this paper. The first author acknowledges the support of the NSF CAREER Award, the NSF Award CBET-1306869, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award FA9550-12-1-0005. The ST-VMS part of the work was supported by ARO grants W911NF-09-1-0346 and W911NF-12-1-0162 (third author) and Rice–Waseda Research Agreement (second author).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Yuri Bazilevs

  2. Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan

    Kenji Takizawa

  3. Mechanical Engineering, Rice University—MS 321, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA

    Tayfun E. Tezduyar, Nikolay Kostov & Spenser McIntyre

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, 2025 Black Engineering, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Ming-Chen Hsu

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  1. Yuri Bazilevs
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Correspondence to Yuri Bazilevs.

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Bazilevs, Y., Takizawa, K., Tezduyar, T.E. et al. Aerodynamic and FSI Analysis of Wind Turbines with the ALE-VMS and ST-VMS Methods. Arch Computat Methods Eng 21, 359–398 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-014-9119-7

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