Abstract
Most herbivorous insects show strong fidelity to specific resource types, and specialization may vary substantially between feeding guilds. However, one insect guild comparatively less studied in this regard is represented by stem-borers, in particular, twig-girdler beetles (Lamiinae: Onciderini). We evaluated the microhabitat specialization and host–plant utilization of adult Onciderini of a tropical rain forest for four consecutive years. The results showed that seven of the Onciderini species were microhabitat specialists and plant family specialist beetles appeared to be more specific to their microhabitats than generalist species. In addition, host-utilization varied among twig-girdlers, and smaller Onciderini species removed shorter and slender branches, whereas larger species girdled larger twigs. Girdling effort in large-sized beetles was higher than for smaller species. Thus, only few twigs are girdled by larger females in their lifetime. Females of O. saga, O. dejeani and O. ulcerosa sometimes interrupted the girdling process for up to 20 days when using plants with toxic compounds or in the presence of plant mutualistic ants. These findings suggest that microhabitat selection by Onciderini females is essential to find suitable food sources. In addition, factors other than girdling effort, such as competition or the low availability of host–plants, could be influencing egg laying on suboptimal hosts.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the Prefeitura Municipal de Jundiaí, SP, Brazil, for the permission to work at the Biological Reserve of the Serra do Japi. Flávio Nunes Ramos and two anonymous referees made valuable suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. The authors also thank the Instituto de Estudos dos Himenóptera Parasitóides da Região Sudeste Brasileira (INCTHYMPAR—SUDESTE). Financial support to CMP was provided by a grant from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Grant No. 4538482008–7). JVN and AA were supported by a research grant from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), Programa Nacional de Pós Doutorado (PNPD, No. 23038.023315–2009–10).
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Paro, C.M., Arab, A. & Vasconcellos-Neto, J. Specialization of Atlantic rain forest twig-girdler beetles (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Onciderini): variation in host–plant use by microhabitat specialists. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 8, 557–569 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-014-9337-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-014-9337-9