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Hessian fly larval attack triggers elevated expression of disease resistance dirigent-like protein-encoding gene, HfrDrd, in resistant wheat

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Abstract

Dirigent proteins regulate coupling of monolignol plant phenols to generate the cell wall polymers lignins and lignans that are involved in structural fortification and defense against pathogens and pests. In this study, we report the temporal expression of a putative Hessian fly-responsive disease resistance dirigent-like protein-encoding gene, HfrDrd, in wheat. HfrDrd transcript abundance was quantified under biotic stresses imposed by Hessian fly, bird cherry-oat aphid, barley and cereal yellow dwarf virus, fall army worm and silverleaf white fly, after mechanical wounding, as well as during treatment with signaling elicitors. Quantitative transcriptional analysis indicated increased abundance of HfrDrd mRNA in both susceptible and resistant wheat after Hessian fly attack. However, within 24 h, resistant wheat accumulated 2.5- to >20-fold higher HfrDrd mRNA levels than the susceptible wheat. The increase in transcripts as early as 2 h after egg hatch suggested a role for HfrDrd in early defense against Hessian fly larvae. HfrDrd transcript abundance was not responsive to exogenous application of plant defense-signaling pathway molecules, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate or abscisic acid. Lack of HfrDrd response during other wheat–insect interactions or mechanical wounding indicated that HfrDrd is not a general stress-responsive gene, but is specific to the defense mechanisms responding to probing by Hessian fly larvae.

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Acknowledgments

This work was a joint contribution by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit and Purdue University. Research was supported by USDA-CRIS number 3602-22000-016-D. The authors wish to thank Jill Nemacheck (USDA-ARS) for plant growth and tissue collections, Sue Cambron (USDA-ARS) for maintaining Hessian fly stocks, and Alisha Johnson (USDA-ARS) for assistance with phylogenetic analysis. Mention of commercial or proprietary product does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for its use by the USDA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Subhashree Subramanyam

  2. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, 07936, USA

    Cheng Zheng

  3. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    John T. Shukle & Christie E. Williams

  4. USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Christie E. Williams

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  1. Subhashree Subramanyam
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  2. Cheng Zheng
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  3. John T. Shukle
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  4. Christie E. Williams
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Correspondence to Christie E. Williams.

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Subramanyam, S., Zheng, C., Shukle, J.T. et al. Hessian fly larval attack triggers elevated expression of disease resistance dirigent-like protein-encoding gene, HfrDrd, in resistant wheat. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 7, 389–402 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-013-9253-4

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