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Thermo-hydraulic performance of nanofluids in a bionic fractal microchannel heat sink with traveling-wave fins

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Abstract

Aiming at high working power and heat dissipation of electronic components, this study developed a novel bionic fractal microchannel heat sink with traveling-wave fins based on fractal theory and disk-like tree-like structure. α-Al2O3-water nanofluid was chosen as the working fluid instead of water in the microchannel heat sink. Thermohydraulic performance of nanofluids in the bionic fractal microchannel heat sink with traveling-wave fins was simulated numerically, and its comprehensive performance was studied. The main control parameters of this study include the depths of the traveling wave structure (h=0.00005 m, 0.00010 m, 0.00015 m, 0.00020 m, 0.00025 m), the eccentricity ratios of the traveling wave structure (e=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) and Reynolds numbers (Re=200–1,000). Results indicate that the surface temperature of the microchannel heat sink decreases with Reynolds number and depth of traveling wave structure. The use of traveling ribs at fractal corners can convert the inhomogeneous flow caused by the fractal effect into a stable horizontal channel flow more efficiently, while the temperature uniformity increases with depth and eccentricity ratio. Results also show that the traveling wave structure has the best overall performance when the eccentricity ratio of the traveling wave structure is 0.1 or 0.2, and the depth is 0.00020 m or 0.00025 m.

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Abbreviations

A:

area of the panel [m2]

Cp :

specific heat capacity [J/kg−1·K]

d0 :

diameter of the smooth microchannel [m]

D:

hydraulic diameter [m]

e:

eccentricity ratio of traveling wave fins

E:

distance between the deepest point of the structure and the center of the structure [m]

h:

convective heat transfer coefficient [W/m−2·K]

h0 :

height from the peak to the trough of the traveling wave structure [m]

H:

height of the microchannel [m]

Kn:

Knudsen number

L:

length of the microchannel [m]

L0 :

length of the first level microchannel [m]

L1 :

length of the second level microchannel [m]

L2 :

length of the third level microchannel [m]

L3 :

distance between traveling wave fin structures [m]

m:

mass flow rate [kg/s]

M:

width between the peaks of the structure [m]

MHS:

microchannel heat sink

nv :

molecules per unit volume

Nu:

Nusselt number

P:

pressure [Pa]

ΔP:

pressure drop [Pa]

q:

heat flux [W/m2]

Q:

quantity of heat [W]

R:

radius of disk-shaped TMHS [m]

Re:

Reynolds number

Rin :

inlet radius[m]

T:

temperature [K]

ΔT:

temperature rise [K]

TMHS:

tree-shape microchannel heat sink

u:

inlet velocity [m/s]

U:

volume flow rate [m3/s]

V:

velocity [m/s]

W:

width of the microchannel [m]

θ :

fractal angle of TMHS [rad]

λ :

thermal conductive [W/m·K]

λ m :

mean free path [m]

μ :

kinetic viscosity of fluid medium [Pa·s]

ν :

velocity vector [m/s]

ρ :

density of liquid water [kg/m3]

w:

width difference [mm]

c:

cavity

f:

fluid

in:

inlet

out:

average of outlets

pum:

pumping power

r:

rib

s:

solid

sm:

smooth wall surface

w:

wall of the microchanne

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Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51606214) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20181359).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Cong Qi, Liang Sun, Yuxing Wang, Chengchao Wang & Genglin Chen

Authors
  1. Cong Qi
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  2. Liang Sun
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  3. Yuxing Wang
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  4. Chengchao Wang
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  5. Genglin Chen
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Correspondence to Cong Qi.

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Qi, C., Sun, L., Wang, Y. et al. Thermo-hydraulic performance of nanofluids in a bionic fractal microchannel heat sink with traveling-wave fins. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 1592–1607 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0836-y

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