Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flocculation kinetics and dewatering studies of quaternized cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Flocculation kinetics and sludge dewatering of kaolin suspension as influenced by various q-EFBC flocculant dosing were studied. In this study, 62.5mg L−1 q-EFBC exhibited the highest turbidity removal efficiency of 99.53±0.08%. The adsorption rate of kaolin towards 12.5mg L−1 to 112.5mg L−1 q-EFBC dosing increased rapidly for t<60 s and became gradual before completion. The mass transfer coefficient was independent of dosage. The experimental data best-fitted the non-linear pseudo-first order due to the R2>0.99 and the lowest standard deviation. The highest rate constant of particle aggregation and breakage was consistent with the highest rate constant of particle collision, which led to the highest turbidity removal at the optimal dosage. The rate-limiting steps in the flocculation process were particle collision and aggregation since their rate constant was lower than the other kinetic constants. The lower values of SRF and TTF of treated sludge as compared to the untreated one confirmed the improvement in the dewaterability characteristic. The lowest TTF (37.44±1.44 s) and SRF (1.49×1010 m kg−1) was observed for 62.5mg L−1 q-EFBC. The high turbidity removal and improved sludge dewaterability indicate the potential application of q-EFBC for water treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Hogg, Int. J. Miner. Process., 58, 223 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Pal, S. Sen, S. Ghosh and R. P. Singh, Carbohyd. Polym., 87, 336 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Khiari, S. Dridi-Dhaouadi, C. Aguir and M. F. Mhenni, J. Environ. Sci., 22, 1539 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Beltrán-Heredia and J. Sánchez-Martín, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 713 (2009).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Tripathy, D.K. Mishra, A. Srivastava, M.M. Mishra and K. Behari, Carbohyd. Polym., 72, 462 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Liimatainen, J. Sirviö, O. Sundman, M. Visanko, O. Hormi and J. Niinimäki, Bioresour. Technol., 102, 9626 (2011).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Song, J. Zhang, W. Gan, J. Zhou and L. Zhang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 1242 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. S. Mohtar, T. N. Z. Tengku Malim Busu, A.M. Md. Noor, N. Shaari, N. A. Yusoff, M. A. Che Yunus and H. Mat, Clean Technol. Environ., 19, 191 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Kono, Resour. Eff. Technol., 3, 55 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Yang, K. Ren, E. Guibal, S. Jia, J. Shen, X. Zhang and W. Yang, Chemosphere, 161, 482 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. M.G. Rasteiro, I. Pinheiro, H. Ahmadloo, D. Hunkeler, F. A. P. Garcia, P. Ferreira and C. Wandrey, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 95, 298 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Chen, S. Liu and G. Wang, Chem. Eng. J., 133, 325 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Gregory, in: Encyclopedia of colloid and interface science, T. Tadros (Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013).

  14. C. Ding, Y. Li, Y. Wang, J. Li, Y. Sun, Y. Lin, W. Sun and C. Luo, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 107, 957 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Kacprzak, E. Neczaj, K. Fijałkowski, A. Grobelak, A. Grosser, M. Worwag, A. Rorat, H. Brattebo, Å. Almås and B.R. Singh, Environ. Res., 156, 39 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Wei, B. Gao, J. Ren, A. Li and H. Yang, Water Res., 143, 608 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. M. L. Christensen, K. Keiding, P. H. Nielsen and M. K. Jørgensen, Water Res., 82, 14 (2015).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Y. Qi, K. B. Thapa and A. F. A. Hoadley, Chem. Eng. J., 171, 373 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. P.-A. Tuan, S. Mika and I. Pirjo, Drying Technol., 30, 691 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. V.H.P. To, T.V. Nguyen, S. Vigneswaran and H. H. Ngo, Water Sci. Technol., 74, 1 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. B.T. Liu, H.Y. Song and Y.X. Li, Adv. Mater. Res., 383, 3134 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Kuutti, S. Haavisto, S. Hyvarinen, H. Mikkonen, R. Koski, S. Peltonen, T. Suortti and H. Kyllönen, Bioresources, 6, 2836 (2011).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.-P. Wang, S.-J. Yuan, Y. Wang and H.-Q. Yu, Water Res., 47, 2643 (2013).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Suopajärvi, J.-A. Sirviö and H. Liimatainen, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5, 86 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K. Zhou, J. Stüber, R.-L. Schubert, C. Kabbe and M. Barjenbruch, Water Sci. Technol., 77, 7 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. S. Mohtar, T. N. Z. Tengku Malim Busu, A.M. Md Noor, N. Shaari and H. Mat, Carbohyd. Polym., 166, 291 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. Gregory and S. Barany, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 169, 1 (2011).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Hema and S. Arivoli, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., 12, 43 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  29. N. Saman, K. Johari, S.-T. Song, H. Kong, S.-C. Cheu and H. Mat, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4, 2487 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. Ocampo-Perez, R. Leyva-Ramos, P. Alonso-Davila, J. Rivera-Utrilla and M. Sanchez-Polo, Chem. Eng. J., 165, 133 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H.N. Tran, S.-J. You, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei and H.-P. Chao, Water Res., 120, 88 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. C. P. Bergmann and F. Machado, Carbon nanomaterials as adsorbents for environmental and biological applications, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland (2015).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  33. K.V. Kumar, J. Hazard. Mater., 137, 1538 (2006).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. W. Lick, Sediment and contaminant transport in surface waters, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. Gregory, Particles in water: Properties and processes, CRC Press, Boca Raton (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  36. K.K. Das and P. Somasundaran, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 271, 102 (2004).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Jarvis, B. Jefferson and S.A. Parsons, Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., 4, 1 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Besra, D. K. Sengupta and S. K. Roy, Int. J. Miner. Process., 59, 89 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H.-F. Wang, H. Hu, H.-J. Wang and R. J. Zeng, Sci. Total Environ., 643, 1065 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia under the eScience Research Program (Project No. 4S071); the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) under the Research University Grant (Project No. 06H85); technical supports from the Syarikat Air Johor Sdn. Bhd. and Indah Water Konsortium Berhad; MyBrain15 scholarship from the Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia); and UTM Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme (PDRU, 03E92 and 04E29) awarded to Safia Syazana Mohtar and Norasikin Saman.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Safia Syazana Mohtar, Norasikin Saman, Ahmad Mujahid Md Noor, Tengku Nur Zulaikha Tengku Malim Busu & Hanapi Mat

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Unicity Sg. Chuchuh Campus, 02100, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia

    Nor Aida Yusoff

  3. Advanced Materials and Separation Technologies (AMSET) Research Group, Health and Wellness Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Hanapi Mat

Authors
  1. Safia Syazana Mohtar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Norasikin Saman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmad Mujahid Md Noor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tengku Nur Zulaikha Tengku Malim Busu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nor Aida Yusoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hanapi Mat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hanapi Mat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mohtar, S.S., Saman, N., Noor, A.M.M. et al. Flocculation kinetics and dewatering studies of quaternized cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 36, 669–677 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0250-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-019-0250-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation