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Novel Functions of Interleukin-1 Beta in Spotted Halibut (Verasper variegatus) at Its Embryonic and Metamorphic Stages

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Abstract

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) is a cytokine involved in the control of inflammatory responses. The functions of IL-1β have been extensively studied in many vertebrates. However, few studies focused on the functions of IL-1β in the spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus), an endangered aquatic fish that easily suffers from bacterial and viral infections. We first cloned and sequenced the IL-1β gene from V. variegatus (VvIL-1β). Its conservative interleukin-1 propeptide and interleukin-1/18 domains corresponding regions, characteristics of the IL-1 protein family and TA-rich motifs relating to inflammatory responses were similar to those of the IL-1β genes from other teleost and mammals. The phylogenetic analysis showed that VvIL-1β was homologous to the IL-1β gene of other vertebrates. Treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induced a significant and rapid up-regulation of VvIL-1β expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), revealing that VvIL-1β is actively involved in the host immune responses against bacterial and viral pathogens. The expression level of VvIL-1β was relatively high in the PBLs, gill, and intestine, indicating the immunological function of VvIL-1β. VvIL-1β also had interesting expression patterns at specific developmental stages, implying that the IL-1β of flatfishes may have some novel functions during embryonic development and metamorphosis. The 3D structure prediction also provided information about how VvIL-1β interacts with its receptor protein. These results suggested that VvIL-1β may have multiple functions in V. variegatus and provided us valuable information for understanding the novel functions of IL-1β.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 31101891), and the Hitech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA10A408).

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  1. School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China

    Zan Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Zan Li, Xiumei Liu, Dandan Cao, Yuezhong Liu, Xubo Wang, Jinxiang Liu, Zhigang Wang, Quanqi Zhang & Haiyang Yu

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  1. Zan Li
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Li, Z., Liu, X., Cao, D. et al. Novel Functions of Interleukin-1 Beta in Spotted Halibut (Verasper variegatus) at Its Embryonic and Metamorphic Stages. J. Ocean Univ. China 17, 1197–1208 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-018-3598-3

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