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Inhibition of fish nodavirus by gymnemagenol extracted from Gymnema sylvestre

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Abstract

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish worldwide. Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral diseases. Occurrence of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently associated with treatment of VNN, which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral drugs. The aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol (C30H50O4) previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema sylvestre. The fish nodavirus, grouper nervous necrosis virus (GNNV) in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye (SIGE) cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro conditions. The susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre (TCID50 mL−1) in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 h. Gymnemagenol at 20 μg mL−1 inhibited the proliferation of GNNV to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNV-infected SIGE cells. The viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The viral titre (TCID50 mL−1) was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNV when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre (log 4.1). Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNV infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India

    V. Gopiesh Khanna & K. Kannabiran

  2. Aquaculture Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632509, Vellore Dt., Tamil Nadu, India

    V. Sarath Babu & A. S. Sahul Hameed

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  1. V. Gopiesh Khanna
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  2. K. Kannabiran
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  3. V. Sarath Babu
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  4. A. S. Sahul Hameed
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Correspondence to K. Kannabiran.

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Gopiesh Khanna, V., Kannabiran, K., Sarath Babu, V. et al. Inhibition of fish nodavirus by gymnemagenol extracted from Gymnema sylvestre . J. Ocean Univ. China 10, 402–408 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-011-1841-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-011-1841-2

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