Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relationship between soil and water conservation practices and soil conditions in low mountain and hilly region of Northeast China

  • Published:
Chinese Geographical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The soil and water conservation practices of ecological restoration (ER), fish scale pit (FP), furrow and ridge tillage across the slope (FR), shrub strips (SS), and vegetation-covered ridge (VR) are characteristic of the Jixing small watershed of the low mountain and hilly region of Jilin Province, Northeast China. This study aims to elucidate the effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil conditions after the short-term implementation of practices. Soil samples were collected from five soil and water conservation sites (ER, FP, FR, SS, and VR) and two controls (BL and CT) to investigate their properties. To evaluate the influence of soil and water conservation practices on soil quality, an integrated quantitative index, soil quality index (QI), was developed to compare the soil quality under the different soil and water conservation practices. The results show that not all soil and water conservation practices can improve the soil conditions and not all soil properties, especially soil organic carbon (SOC), can be recovered under soil and water conservation practice in short-term. Moreover, the QI in the five soil and water conservation practices and two controls was in the following order: ER > VR > BL > FR > CT > SS > FP. ER exhibited a higher soil quality value on a slope scale. In the low mountain and hilly region of Northeast China, ER is a better choice than the conversion of farmlands to planted grasslands and woodlands early in the soil and water conservation program.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Kaisi M M, Yin X, Licht M A, 2005. Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as influenced by tillage and cropping systems in some Iowa soils. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 105(4): 635–647. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.08.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • An S S, Zheng F L, Zhang F et al., 2008. Soil quality degradation processes along a deforestation chronosequence in the Ziwuling area, China. Catena, 75(3): 248–256. doi: 10.1016/j.catena. 2008.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews S S, Karlen D L, Cambardella C A, 2004. The soil management assessment framework: A quantitative soil quality evaluation method. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(6): 1945–1962. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2004.1945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker J L, Laflen J M, 1983. Water quality consequences of conservation tillage: New technology is needed to improve the water quality advantages of conservation tillage. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 38(3): 186–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandick A K, Dick R P, 1999. Field management effects on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 31(11): 1471–1479. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00051-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao Shidan, 2000. Soil Agriculture and Chemical Analyze (3rd edition). Beijing: Chinese Agriculture Press, 45–114. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber R G, 1995. Soil degradation in the tropical lowlands of Santa Cruz, Eastern Bolovia. Land Degradation & Development, 6(2): 95–107. doi: 10.1002/ldr.3400060204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrios E, Buresh R J, Sprent J I, 1996. Organic matter in soil particle size and density fractions from maize and legume cropping systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28(2): 185–193. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(95)00110-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blair G, Lefroy R, Lisle L, 1995. Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 46(7): 1459–1466. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AR9951459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-Canqui H, Lal R, 2008. Principles of Soil Conservation and Management. New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 167–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blevins R L, Smith M S, Thomas G W et al., 1983. Influence of conservation tillage on soil properties. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 38(3): 301–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady N C, Weil R R, 2008. The Nature and Properties of Soils (14th edition). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 739–793.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao Zhihong, Zhou Jianmin, Cai Zucong et al., 2008. Soil Quality of China. Beijing: Science Press, 30–109. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Guang, Fan Haifeng, Chen Haosheng et al., 2006. Benefits of sediment reduction of soil conservation practices in the black region of Northeast China. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 4(6): 13–17. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciais P, Gervois S, Vuichard N et al., 2011. Effects of land use change and management on the European cropland carbon balance. Global Change Biology, 17(1): 320–338. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02341.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daily G C, 1995. Restoring value to the world’s degraded lands. Science, 269(5222): 350–354. doi: 10.1126/science.269.5222. 350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davie D K, Lant C L, 1994. The effect of CRP enrollment on sediment loads in two southern Illinois streams. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 49(4): 407–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick R P, 1994. Soil enzyme activities as indicators of soil quality. In: Doran J W et al. (eds.). Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, 107–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilly O, Blume H P, Munch J C, 2003. Soil microbial activities in Luvisols and Anthrosols during 9 years of region-typical tillage and fertilization practices in northern Germany. Biogeo-chemistry, 65(3): 319–339. doi: 10.1023/A:1026271006634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan D C, Foster G R, 1989. Storm pattern effect on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 32(2): 535–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu B J, Chen L D, Ma K M et al., 2000. The relationships between land use and soil conditions in the hilly area of the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi, China. Catena, 39(1): 69–78. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00084-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu B J, Liu S L, Chen L D et al., 2004. Soil quality regime in relation to land cover and slope position across a highly modified slope landscape. Ecological Research, 19(1): 111–118. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1703.2003.00614.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao G, Ding G, Wang H et al., 2011. China needs forest management rather than reforestation for carbon sequestration. Environmental Science Technology, 45(24): 10292–10293. doi: 0.1021/es203897f

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Rongle, 1983. History of Terrace Fields. Beijing: China Waterpower Press, 1–20. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt M R, Daniel T C, Schweizer E E et al., 1985. Conservation tillage. Science, 230(4726): 625–630. doi: 10.1126/science. 230.4726.625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geisseler D, Horwath W, 2009. Short-term dynamics of soil carbon, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities as compared to longer-term effects of tillage in irrigated row crops. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 46(1): 65–72. doi: 10.1007/s00374-009-0400-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gianfreda L, Antonietta R M, Piotrowska A et al., 2005. Soil enzyme activities as affected by anthropogenic alterations: Intensive agricultural practices and organic pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 341(1–3): 265–279. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilley J E, Doran J W, Dao T H, 1997a. Runoff, erosion and soil quality characteristics of a former conservation reserve program site in southwestern Oklahoma. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 13(5): 617–622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilley J E, Doran J W, Karlen D L et al., 1997b. Runoff, erosion, and soil quality characteristics of a former conservation reserve program site. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 52(3): 189–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilley J E, Doran J W, Eghball B, 2001. Tillage and fallow effects on selected soil quality characteristics of former conservation reserve program sites. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 56(2): 126–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregorich E G, Greer K J, Anderson D W et al., 1998. Carbon distribution and losses: Erosion and deposition effects. Soil and Tillage Research, 47(3–4): 291–302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00117-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guan Songyin, Zhang Desheng, 1986. Methods of Soil Enzyme Activities Analysis. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 120–276. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Guan Songyin, Zhang Desheng, Zhang Zhiming, 1991. Methods of Soil Enzyme Activities Analysis. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 263–271. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Han Fuwei, Zhang Bai, Wang Zongming et al., 2007. Study on the effect of soil erosion reduction corresponding to water and soil conservation measures in Jilin low mountain and mound area. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 29(6): 668–672. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Han Xiaozeng, Zou Wenxiu, Yan Baixing et al., 2009. Influence of soil and water loss to physical and chemical characters of black soil and effect of soil and water conservation. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 322(1): 13–16. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazel D W, Franklin E C, Thomas K T et al., 2008. Integrated practices for reducing sediment loss from Piedmont tobacco fields. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 63(3): 143–152. doi: 10.2489/jswc.63.3.143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Changyong, 2000. Soil Science (2nd edition). Beijing: Chinese Agriculture Press, 74–75. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • ISSCAS (Institute of Soil Science of Chinese Academy of Science), 1981. Soil Chemical and Physical Analysis. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 24–54. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • ISSCAS (Institute of Soil Science of Chinese Academy of Science), 2001. Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (3rd edition). Hefei: China Science and Technology University Press, 215–223. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandeler E, Tscherko D, Spiegel H, 1999. Long-term monitoring of microbial biomass, N mineralisation and enzyme activities of a Chernozem under different tillage managements. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 28(4): 343–351. doi: 10.1007/s003740050502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapkiyai J J, Karanja N K, Woomer P et al., 1998. Soil organic carbon fractions in a long-term experiment and the potential for their use as a diagnostic assay in highland farming systems of Central Kenya. African Crop Science Society, 6(1): 19–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlen D L, Erbach D C, Kaspar T C et al., 1990. Soil tilth: A review of past perceptions and future needs. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54(1): 153–161. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400010024x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlen D L, Mausbach M J, Doran J W et al., 1997. Soil Quality: A concept, definition, and framework for evaluation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61(1): 4–10. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100010001x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlen D L, Wollenhaupt N C, Erbach D C et al., 1994. Long-term tillage effects on soil quality. Soil & Tillage Research, 32(4): 313–327. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(94)00427-G

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lal R, 1995. The role of residues management in sustainable agricultural systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 5(4): 51–78. doi: 10.1300/J064v05n04_06

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levi M R, Shawa J N, Wood C W et al., 2010. Land management effects on near-surface soil properties of southeastern U.S. coastal plain Kandiudults. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 74(1): 258–271. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2009.0015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Mengbo, Zhang Xianwan, 1991. The assessment of soil fertility. In: Zhang Xianwan (ed.). Soil Fertility Progress. Beijing: Chinese Science and Technology Press, 221–234. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang A Z, Zhang X P, Fang H J et al., 2007. Short-term effects of tillage practices on organic carbon in clay loam soil of Northeast China. Pedosphere, 17(5): 619–623. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60073-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lichter K, Govaerts B, Six J et al., 2008. Aggregation and C and N contents of soil organic matter fractions in a permanent raised-bed planting system in the highlands of central Mexico. Plant and Soil, 305(1–2): 237–252. doi: 10.1007/s11104-008-9557-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Baoyuan, Yan Baixing, Shen Bo et al., 2008. Current status and comprehensive control strategies of soil erosion for cultivated land in the Northeastern black soil area of China. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 6(1): 1–8. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarty G W, Lyssenko N N, Starr J L, 1998. Short-term changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools during tillage management transition. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 62(6): 1564–1571. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200060013x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Water Resources of China, 2011. Soil Erosion and Ecological Safety. Available at: http://www.mwr.gov.cn/english/swcc.html.2011-11-25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery D R, 2007. Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104(33): 13268–13272. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611508104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moradidalini A, Sung C T B, Hanif A H M et al., 2010. Effects of several soil and water conservation practices on soil physical and chemical properties in a sloping land oil palm plantation. In: Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Agricultural and Animal Science, 6–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murage E W, Karanja N K, Smithson P C et al., 2000. Diagnostic indicators of soil quality in productive and non-productive smallholders’ fields of Kenya’s Central Highlands. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 79(1): 1–8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00142-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navarrete I A, Tsutsuki K, 2008. Land-use impact on soil carbon, nitrogen, neutral sugar composition and related chemical properties in a degraded Ultisol in Leyte, Philippines. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 54(3): 321–331. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00244.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nearing M A, Lane L J, Lopes V L, 1994. Modeling soil erosion. In: Lal R (ed.). Soil Erosion Research Methods. Ankeny: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 127–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niu Chonghuan, Wang Lixian, 1992. A Preliminary study of soil erosion and land degeneration. Erosion, debris flows and environment in mountain regions. In: Proceedings of the Chengdu Symposium. Beijing: International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publisher, 439–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pansu M, Gautheyrou J, 2006. Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods. Netherlands: Springer, 15–62.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel D, Harvey C, Resosudarmo P et al., 1995. Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science, 267(5201): 1117–1123. doi: 10.1126/science.267.5201.1117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poesen J W A, Nearing M A, 1993. Soil surface sealing and crusting: Selected papers of the International Symposium on Soil Crusting: Chemical and physical processes. Athens, Georgia, USA, May 30–June 1, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seybold C A, Herrick J E, Brejda J J, 1999. Soil resilience: A fundamental component of soil quality. Soil Science, 164(4): 224–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpley A N, Smith S J, Williams J R et al., 1991. Water quality impacts associated with sorghum culture in the southern plains. Journal Environmental Quality, 20(1): 239–244. doi: 10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000010038x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpley A, 1999. Agricultural phosphorus, water quality, and poultry production: Are they compatible? Poultry Science, 78(5): 660–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparling G, Ross D, Trustrum N et al., 2003. Recovery of topsoil characteristics after landslip erosion in dry hill country of New Zealand, and a test of the space-for-time hypothesis. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 35(12): 1575–1586. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.08.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staley T E, Boyer D G, 1997. Short-term carbon, nitrogen and pH alterations in a hill-land Ultisol under maize silage relative to tillage method. Soil and Tillage Research, 42(1–2): 115–126. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(96)01087-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang Keli, 1998. Discussion on key problem of Eco-environment construction on Loess Plateau. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 18(1): 1–7, 25. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang Keli, 2004. Chinese Soil and Water Conservation. Beijing: Science Press, 208–211, 387–613. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang Keli, Zheng Zhongzi, Kong Xiaoling et al., 1987. Soil erosion and soil degradation on the Loess Plateau. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 7(6): 14–20. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian G M, Wang F E, Chen Y X et al., 2003. Effect of different vegetation systems on soil erosion and soil nutrients in red soil region of Southeastern China. Pedosphere, 13(2): 121–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian Y W, Huang Z L, Xiao W F, 2010. Reductions in non-point source pollution through different management practices for an agricultural watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22(2): 184–191. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60091-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Jingkuan, Wang Tieyu, Zhang Xudong et al., 2002. An approach to the changes of black soil quality (i): Changes of the indices of black soil with the year(s) of reclamation. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 33(1): 43–47. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X J, Gong Z T, 1998. Assessment and analysis of soil quality changes after eleven years of reclamation in subtropical China. Geoderma, 81(3–4): 339–355. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00109-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Xiaoju, 1994. Application of soil taxonomic classification in the evaluation of soil science. In: Gong Zitong (ed.). Recent Treatises on Chinese Soil Taxonomic Classification. Beijing: Science Press, 475–481. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z Q, Liu B Y, Wang X Y et al., 2009. Erosion effect on the productivity of black soil in Northeast China. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 52(7): 1005–1021. doi: 10.1007/s11430-009-0093-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei C F, Gao M, Shao J A et al., 2006. Soil aggregate and its response to land management practices. China Particuology, 4(5): 211–219. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60263-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West T O, Post W M, 2002. Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66(6): 1930–1946. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2002.1930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wienhold B J, Andrews S S, Karlen D L, 2004. Soil quality: A review of the science and experiences in the USA. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 26(2): 89–95. doi: 10.1023/B:EGAH.0000039571.59640.3c

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Yanjun, Wang Jingkuan, Li Shuangyi et al., 2007. Preliminary studies on fertility revolution of black soil v. organic carbon density and storage in topsoil of Northeast main black soil area and spatial analysis. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 38(4): 535–539. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu J C, 2011. China’s new forests aren’t as green as they seem. Nature, 477(7365): 371. doi: 10.1038/477371a

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Jianming, Zhang Ganlin, Xie Zhengmiao et al., 2010. Indices and Assessment of Soil Quality. Beijing: Science Press, 40–205 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu X Z, Xu Y, Chen S C et al., 2010. Soil loss and conservation in the black soil region of Northeast China: A retrospective study. Environmental Science and Policy, 13(8): 793–800. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60263-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan Baixing, Tang Jie, 2005. Study on black soil erosion rate and the transformation of soil quality influenced by erosion. Geographical Research, 24(4): 499–506. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang X Y, Zhou S S, Sun B H et al., 2010. Microbial properties of a loess soil as affected by various nutrient management practices in the Loess Plateau of China. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 41(8): 956–967. doi: 10.1080/00103621003646048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz O, Eşen D, Zedaker S M, 2010. Five-year effects of cutting and herbicide treatments on control of Rhododendron flavum Don., and macronutrient pools in eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests of Turkey. New Forests, 40(2): 175–184. doi: 10.1007/s11056-010-9192-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young R A, Olness A E, Mutchler C K et al., 1986. Chemical and physical enrichments of sediment from cropland. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 29(1): 165–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yue Xijie, Ge Xizu, Wang Xudong, 2010. Progress and application of evaluation method of soil quality. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12(6): 56–61. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yüksek T, Yüksek F, 2011. The effects of restoration on soil properties in degraded land in the semi-arid region of Turkey. Catena, 84(1–2): 47–53. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2010.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B, Horn R, 2001. Mechanisms of aggregate stabilization in Ultisols from subtropical China. Geoderma, 99(1–2): 123–145. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00069-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Qingfei, Song Yongchang, You Wenhui, 1999. Relationship between plant community secondary succession and soil fertility in Tiantong, Zhejiang province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 19(2): 174–178. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Wenhui, Liu Guobin, 2009. Countermeasures and strategy to vegetation rehabilitation in Loess Plateau, China. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 7(3): 114–118. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Peng B Z, Gao X et al., 2004. Degradation of soil properties due to erosion on sloping land in southern Jiangsu Province, China. Pedosphere, 14(1): 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Yubin, Cao Ning, Su Xiaoguang et al., 2009. Effects of soil and water conservation measures on soil properties in the low mountain and hill area of Jilin province. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 29(5): 120–125. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Chao, Yao Runfeng, 2010. China Modification ‘Soil and Water Conservation Law’ for the First Time to Control the Serious Condition of Soil and Water Loss. Available at: http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-12/25/c_12917788.htm. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng F L, 2005. Effects of accelerated soil erosion on soil nutrient loss after deforestation on the Loess Plateau. Pedosphere, 15(6): 707–715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng F L, 2006. Effect of vegetation changes on soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. Pedosphere, 16(4): 420–427. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(06)60071-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng F L, Merrill S D, Huang C H et al., 2004. Runoff, soil erosion, and erodibility of conservation reserve program land under crop and hay production. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68(4): 1332–1341. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2004.1332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Fenli, Wang Zhanli, Yang Qinke, 2008. The retrospection and prospect on soil erosion research in China. Chinese Journal of Nature, 30(1): 12–16. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng H, Ouyang Z Y, Wang X K et al., 2005. How different reforestation approaches affect red soil properties in southern China. Land Degradation & Development, 16(4): 387–396. doi: 10.1002/ldr.650

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China

    Yubin Zhang

  2. College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China

    Yubin Zhang, Ning Cao, Fei Yan, Xinsheng Zhang & Xinlong Tang

  3. Soil and Water Conservation Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130033, China

    Xiaohong Xu

  4. Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Songliao Water Resources Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Changchun, 130021, China

    Feng Zhang

Authors
  1. Yubin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ning Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaohong Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Feng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fei Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xinsheng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xinlong Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yubin Zhang or Ning Cao.

Additional information

Foundation item: Under the auspices of Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (No. 10501-1210), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31101606), Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Jilin University (No. 200903377), National Key Projects in National Science & Technology Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period of China (No. 2011BAD16B10-3, 2012BAD04B02-3)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, Y., Cao, N., Xu, X. et al. Relationship between soil and water conservation practices and soil conditions in low mountain and hilly region of Northeast China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 24, 147–162 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0620-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0620-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation