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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by-product as functional ingredient: effect of thermal processing and particle size reduction on bioactive constituents and functional, morphological, and structural properties

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Abstract

Food industry is in the search of new functional ingredients, so this study was focused on evaluating the effect of thermal processing used to produce roselle beverages, and the effect of particle size reduction, on the retention of bioactive constituents, and physicochemical, functional, and structural properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. After decoction process (DP), by-products retained up to 56% of polyphenolic compounds, 54% of flavonoids and 44% of anthocyanins; mainly delphinidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (74.1%); besides presenting an increased content of total dietary fiber (DF) as compared to roselle calyces (26%). Viscosity and hydration properties were improved by the DP, which may be related to an increased porosity as observed in the SEM micrographs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum, reflected the differences in the chemical composition of BP and calyx, whereas the X-ray diffraction analysis showed no effect of DP. Interestingly, samples with a large particle size (250–177 µm) presented increased viscosity, which was the most important change for particle size. Therefore, roselle beverage by-product could be a functional ingredient since is an excellent source of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber with improved functional and physicochemical properties as compared to calyces.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Programa de Fomento a la Agricultura: Componente de Innovación Agroalimentaria 2016, SAGARPA-COFUPRO (640). Authors want to thank Dra. Beatriz Millan Malo and M.en I.Q. Alicia del Real from Centro de Fisica Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada UNAM for their technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico

    Diana M. Amaya-Cruz, Iza F. Perez-Ramirez & Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho

  2. Departamento de Nanotecnología, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 1-1010, C.P. 7600, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico

    Mario E. Rodriguez-Garcia

  3. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, C.P. 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Qro., Mexico

    David Ortega-Diaz

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  1. Diana M. Amaya-Cruz
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  2. Iza F. Perez-Ramirez
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  3. David Ortega-Diaz
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  4. Mario E. Rodriguez-Garcia
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  5. Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
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Correspondence to Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho.

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Amaya-Cruz, D.M., Perez-Ramirez, I.F., Ortega-Diaz, D. et al. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by-product as functional ingredient: effect of thermal processing and particle size reduction on bioactive constituents and functional, morphological, and structural properties. Food Measure 12, 135–144 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9624-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9624-0

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