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Helminths Infecting Sympatric Congeneric Treefrogs in Northeastern Brazil

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Abstract

Purpose

We aimed to describe the helminth fauna associated with two sympatric congeneric treefrogs species (Boana multifasciata and Boana raniceps) from a highland marsh in northeastern Brazil. In addition, we investigate the body size influence on parasitological descriptors in these treefrogs, in which we expected that larger frogs would have greater abundance and richness helminths too, and no differences with respect to helminth composition once both hosts are exposed to similar environmental conditions.

Methods

We collected anurans during the rainy season from 11 January to 09 February 2019, using visual and auditory searches in breeding environments. We analysed the presence of ectoparasites under an epidermis, oral cavity, and endoparasites present in the organs. Using a Linear mixed-effects model we tested the relationship between the host body size (length and weight) and helminths abundance and richness. In addition, we used the ANOSIM R test to investigate the differences between the hosts with respect to helminth composition.

Results

We recorded 37 individuals (15 specimens of B. multifasciata and 22 of B. raniceps), in which 89.1% of them were infected by at least one helminth species. We found 355 helminths from 12 taxa parasitizing the two treefrogs, but just three parasite taxa were common to both species. All identified helminth species found in B. multifasciata are new records and four are new records for B. raniceps. In addition, we present the first record of Cosmocerca paraguayensis in Brazil. We found no support for the hypothesis that larger frogs tend to be more parasitized, at least for congeneric species, and sympatric hosts species have similar helminth composition. We also present a compilation of helminths occurring in treefrogs belonging to the Boana genus in South American, increasing our knowledge of the parasitic diversity of Neotropical anurans.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a lack of knowledge about helminth fauna associated with amphibians even for common and widely distributed species, such as Boana spp., and demonstrate the need to deepen our knowledge about host parasitic relationships, especially in the Neotropical region.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Charles de Sousa Silva (URCA) for assistance during field collections.

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico –CNPq (R.W.A., Grant Numbers 303622/2015-6, 305988/2018-2), (R.A.B., Grant Numbers 155556/2018-5; 151124/2020-5); the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES (S.S.O., Grant Numbers 88882.454285/2019-01); the Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – FUNCAP (H.T.D.S.M., Grant Number 0008-00344.01.13/18); and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES, Fundação Cearense de Apoio Científico e Tecnológico – FUNCAP, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, through the project “Conservação da biodiversidade em nível de paisagem: mudanças climáticas e distúrbios antropogênicos” (chamada CNPQ / ICMBIO / FAPs nº 18/2017, Proc. nº 421350/2017-2).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Course of Ecology and Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Pici Campus, Federal University of Ceará, Bloco 906, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil

    Heitor Tavares de Sousa Machado, Samanta Silva de Oliveira, Kássio de Castro Araújo & Robson Waldemar Ávila

  2. Laboratório de Herpetologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luís, 1161, Pimenta, Crato, CE, 63105-000, Brazil

    Ronildo Alves Benício

  3. Laboratório de Herpetologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ac. Público, 913, Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60020-181, Brazil

    Ronildo Alves Benício

Authors
  1. Heitor Tavares de Sousa Machado
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  2. Samanta Silva de Oliveira
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  3. Ronildo Alves Benício
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  4. Kássio de Castro Araújo
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  5. Robson Waldemar Ávila
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Contributions

HTSM contributed to conceptualization; HTSM, SSO, and KCA were involved in methodology; HTSM, SSO, KCA, and RAB contributed to formal analysis and investigation; HTSM performed writing—original draft preparation; RAB and RWÁ performed writing—review and editing; RWÁ did supervision. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heitor Tavares de Sousa Machado.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Ethical Standards

The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional guides on the care and use of laboratory animals. The samples were collected with the following licenses: Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio (SISBIO 66902/1 and SISBIO 72384).

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de Sousa Machado, H.T., de Oliveira, S.S., Benício, R.A. et al. Helminths Infecting Sympatric Congeneric Treefrogs in Northeastern Brazil. Acta Parasit. 67, 658–667 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00497-y

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