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Multifaceted function of B cells in tumorigenesis

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Abstract

B lymphocytes (B cells) play a complex and paradoxical role in tumorigenesis. They can recognize tumor-associated antigens, present these antigens to T cells, and produce antibodies that directly target and eliminate tumor cells. This makes B cells a potentially powerful ally in combating cancer. However, B cells also exhibit immunosuppressive functions, secreting cytokines like IL-10 or generating tumor-promoting antibodies that dampen the anti-tumor immune response, and some tumor cells have even been shown to exploit B cells to promote their growth and metastasis. This dual nature of B cells presents both opportunities and challenges for tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the multifaceted functions of B cells and their current applications in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also explore the key issues and future directions in this field, emphasizing the need for further research to fully harness the anti-tumor potential of B cells in the fight against cancer.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 32141004, 81825010 and 82302036), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2021YFC2300500 and 2021YFC2302403).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Na Kang, Qinghui Duan, Xin Min, Tong Li, Yuxin Li, Ji Gao & Wanli Liu

  2. Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China

    Na Kang, Qinghui Duan, Xin Min, Tong Li, Ji Gao & Wanli Liu

  3. School of Management and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Yuxin Li

  4. Postdoctoral Workstation, Govtor Capital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210013, China

    Yuxin Li

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  1. Na Kang
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Correspondence to Wanli Liu.

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Conflicts of interest Na Kang, Qinghui Duan, Xin Min, Tong Li, Yuxin Li, Ji Gao and Wanli Liu have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

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Kang, N., Duan, Q., Min, X. et al. Multifaceted function of B cells in tumorigenesis. Front. Med. 19, 297–317 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-025-1127-5

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