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Characterization and Prediction of Flow Behavior in High-Manganese Twinning Induced Plasticity Steels: Part II. Jerky Flow and Instantaneous Strain Rate

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Abstract

The jerky and smooth flow curves in high-manganese twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels were investigated by comparing Fe-Mn-C and Fe-Mn-Al-C systems. The pronounced serrations on the flow curves of Fe-Mn-C TWIP steel, produced during tensile testing at 300 K (27 °C) and 373 K (100 °C), were shown to be the result of localized high-temperature Portevin Le-Chatelier (PLC) bands moving across the gage length throughout the deformation. The speed of the PLC bands and their temperature effects were found to be strongly dependent on the applied strain rate, which was controlled by adjusting the cross-head speed of the tensile testing machine. The localized temperature-dependent stacking fault energy (SFE) variations resulting from the PLC effect and adiabatic heating were analyzed and compared for both slow and fast deformation rates. The instabilities in the measured logarithmic strain values caused by jerky flow could cause the local strain rate to deviate systematically from the targeted (applied) strain rate. These instabilities are better observed by calculating the instantaneous strain rate (ISR) values for each instant of deformation along the entire gage length. Finally, a new type of diagram was developed by plotting the true stress against the ISR values. From the diagram, the onset of different mechanisms, such as deformation twinning, nonpronounced, and pronounced serrations, could be marked precisely.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 761 “Steel—ab initio.” The assistance of A. Schwedt, Head of the Scanning Electron Microscopy group at the Central Facility for Electron Microscopy - RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, is highly appreciated for providing Figure 21.

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Author notes

  1. A. K. Mishra (Project Engineer)

    Present address: SIEMENS Corporate Research and Technologies, Bangalore, 560100, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, RWTH Aachen University, 52072, Aachen, Germany

    A. Saeed-Akbari (Post-Doctoral Researcher, Research Team Leader) & W. Bleck (University Professor, Department Head)

  2. Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    A. K. Mishra (Project Engineer)

  3. Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Aachen, Germany

    J. Mayer (University Professor, Department Head)

Authors
  1. A. Saeed-Akbari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Saeed-Akbari.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted August 30, 2011.

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Saeed-Akbari, A., Mishra, A.K., Mayer, J. et al. Characterization and Prediction of Flow Behavior in High-Manganese Twinning Induced Plasticity Steels: Part II. Jerky Flow and Instantaneous Strain Rate. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 1705–1723 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-011-1070-8

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