Abstract
The presence of random fissures has a great impact on rock slope stability. To investigate the failure modes and stability of rock slopes containing different types of pre-existing fissures, the fracture mark ξ was introduced to improve the kernel function in the traditional smoothed particle dynamics (SPH) method, and a novel numerical method, the improved kernel of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (IKSPH), was proposed to realise the microscopic damage characteristics of particles. The ‘random fissure generating method’ has been proposed for random fissure generation, and the gravity increase method has been embedded into the IKSPH program, thereby realising the stability analysis of rock slopes considering crack propagation processes. A typical steep rock slope is taken as a numerical simulation example considering the random distributions of preexisting fissures, and its failure modes as well as the stability under different conditions were simulated. The results show that the failure processes of the rock slope contain propagations of microcracks and then macrocrack penetrations. When the fissure length is short, shallow collapse failure modes can be observed; when the fissure length is long, the deep layer slide occurs, and the slope stability decreases with an increase in fissure length. The micro and macrocrack surfaces are basically consistent with pre-existing fissure angles, and the safety factor is the least at a fissure angle of 30°. The greater the fissure density, the greater the number of macrocracks, and the stability decreases with an increase in the number of pre-existing fissures. The research results can provide some references for disaster protection and understanding the failure laws of rock slopes. Meanwhile, combining the geological survey results with the numerical simulations and developing a high-performance IKSPH program will be a future research direction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Branco R, Antunes F, Costa J (2015) A review on 3D-FE adaptive remeshing techniques for crack growth modelling. Eng Fract Mech 141: 170–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.05.023
Chen W (2012) Theory and application of stability analysis for underground engineering of fractured rock mass. Science Press. pp 75–82. (In Chinese)
Fan G, Zhang J, Fu X (2015) Study on the difference of dynamic response of bedding and anti-dumping rock slope with muddy intercalation. Chin J Geotech 37(04): 692–699. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201504015
Guo Y, Cao Z, Sheng L (2016) Study on Centrifugal Model for Stress Monitoring of Rock Slope. J Shandong Univ 46(02): 101–107. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.6040/j.issn.1672-3961.0.2015.048
Horii H, Nemat-Nasser S (1985) Elastic fields of interacting inhomogeneities. Int J Solids Struct 21(7): 731–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(85)90076-9
Han W, Jiang Y, Luan H (2020) Numerical investigation on the shear behavior of rock-like materials containing fissure-holes with FEM-CZM method. Comput Geotech 125: 103670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103670
Haeri H, Sarfarazi V, Zhu Z (2017) Effect of normal load on the crack propagation from pre-existing joints using Particle Flow Code (PFC). Comput Concrete 19(1): 99–110. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.19.1.099
Jiang M, Jiang T, Crosta G (2015) Modeling failure of jointed rock slope with two main joint sets using a novel DEM bond contact model. Eng Geol 193: 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.04.013
Liu S, Zhang D, Liu H (2020) Rock Crack Propagation Mechanism of Oriented Perforation Hydraulic Fracture under Different Perforation Parameters. Arab J Sci Eng 45(10): 8711–8725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04821-y
Li Z, Shou Y, Zhang X (2020) Stability analysis of flawed rock slope by using virtual-bond-based general particles dynamics. Theor Appl Fract Mech 108: 102631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102631
Li W, Nhon N, Zhou K (2020) Phase-field modeling of brittle fracture in a 3D polycrystalline material via an adaptive isogeometric-meshfree approach. Int J Numer Methods Eng 121(22): 5042–5065. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6509
Li X, Li H, Liu L (2020) Investigating the crack initiation and propagation mechanism in brittle rocks using grain-based finite-discrete element method. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 127: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104219
Liu L, Li H, Li X (2020) Full-field strain evolution and characteristic stress levels of rocks containing a single preexisting flaw under uniaxial compression. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79: 3145–3161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01764-4
Miki S, Sasaki T, Koyama T (2010) Development of coupled Discontinuous Deformation Analysis And Numerical Manifold Method (NMM-DDA). Int J Comput Methods 7(01): 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021987621000209X
Muller, Andre, Vargas E (2019) Stability analysis of a slope under impact of a rock block using the generalized interpolation material point method (GIMP). Landslides 16: 751–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-01131-1
Nguyen-Thanh N, Li W, Huang J (2020) Adaptive higher-order phase-field modeling of anisotropic brittle fracture in 3D polycrystalline materials. Comput Meth Appl Mech Eng 372(1): 113434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.113434
Ohnishi Y, Sasaki T, Koyama T (2014). Recent insights into analytical precision and modelling of DDA and NMM for practical problems. Geomech Eng 9(2): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2013.871066
Shou Y, Zhou X, Qian Q (2016) Dynamic Model of the Zonal Disintegration of Rock Surrounding a Deep Spherical Cavity. Int J Geomech 17(6): 04016127. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000824
Taheri A, Zhang Y, Munoz H (2020) Performance of rock crack stress thresholds determination criteria and investigating strength and confining pressure effects. Constr Build Mater 20(243): 118263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118263
Tao Z, Liu K, Cui X (2020) Infrared Temperature Law and Deformation Monitoring of Layered Bedding Rock Slope under Static Load. Adv Civ Eng 2020(4): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8818278
Tan J (2015) Study on the Mechanism of Instability and Prevention of Anti-Dumping Layer Embedded Rock-socketed Slope in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. PhD thesis, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shanxi. p 25 (In Chinese)
Tang C, Li L, Li C (2006) Analysis of Geotechnical Engineering Stability RFPA Strength Reduction. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 2006(08): 1522–1530. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-1508(06)60035-1
Wang Z, Yan E, Liu J (2016) Analysis on the characteristics of collapse failure and formation mechanism of back-dip rock slope in Honglianchi Iron Mine, Hefeng, Hubei Province. Chin J Geol Disaster Prev Control 27(3): 7–13. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2016.03.02
Wong R, Chau K, Tang C (2001) Analysis of crack coalescence in rocklike materials containing three flaws-Part I: experimental approach. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38: 909–924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00065-X
Yu S, Ren X, Zhang J (2021) An improved form of smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for crack propagation simulation applied in rock mechanics. Int J Min Sci Technol 31: 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2021.01.009
Yang Y, Tang X, Zheng H, Liu Q, He L (2016) Three-dimensional fracture propagation with numerical manifold method. Eng Anal Bound Elem 72: 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2016.08.008
Yu S, Zhang J, Ren X (2019) Numerical analysis of the seepage characteristics of slopes with weak interlayers under different rainfall levels. Appl Ecol Environ Res 17(5): 12465–12478. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1705_1246512478
Zhu W, Li Z, Chen W (2002) Failure mechanism and anchoring effect of jointed rock mass and its engineering application. Science Press. pp 126–182. (In Chinese)
Huang Y, Yang S, Tian W (2019) Cracking process of a granite specimen that contains multiple pre-existing holes under uniaxial compression. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct 42(6): 1341–1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12990
Zhou X, Shou Y (2016) Numerical simulation of failure of rocklike material subjected to compressive loads using improved Peridynamic method. Int J Geomech 2016: 04016086. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000778
Zhu D, Chen Z, Xi J (2017) Analysis on interaction law of parallel offset cracks in rock. Chin J Geotech Eng 39(02): 235–243. (In Chinese) https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201702006
Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Xue S (2020) Stability analysis of a typical landslide mass in the Three Gorges Reservoir under varying reservoir water levels. Environ Earth Sci 79(1): 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8779-x
Zhang Y, Tang J, He Z (2020) A novel displacement prediction method using gated recurrent unit model with time series analysis in the Erdaohe landslide. Nat Hazards 105: 783–813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04337-6
Zhang Y, Tang J, Zhang M (2020) Application of an enhanced BP neural network model with water cycle algorithm on landslide prediction. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 12: 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01920-y
Acknowledgements
The research reported in this manuscript is funded by the the National Natural Science Fund (Grant No. U1765204, 51409170) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (B210203078).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, Sy., Ren, Xh., Zhang, Jx. et al. Numerical simulation on the stability of rock slope based on an improved SPH Method. J. Mt. Sci. 18, 1937–1950 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6739-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6739-x