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Disentangling Phialophora section Catenulatae: disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes)

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Abstract

A new genus Rhopalophora is described for Phialophora clavispora, a lignicolous species formerly placed in Phialophora section Catenulatae that possesses pigmented conidiophores, phialides with a single conidiogenous locus that occasionally appear as schizophialides, and clavate, aseptate conidia arranged in chains or sometimes in heads. Sexual morphs are not known for this taxon. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from five loci (nucSSU, ITS, nucLSU, mitSSU, rpb1 and rpb2) of this and related fungi supports the introduction of a new family, Sclerococcaceae, for which we establish the order Sclerococcales. This order belongs to the new subclass Sclerococcomycetidae, a strongly supported clade within the Eurotiomycetes that is basal to a lineage containing the Chaetothyriomycetidae, Coryneliomycetidae and Eurotiomycetidae. Rhopalophora clavispora fits in this new family and is closely related to an isolate of Fusichalara minuta. The Sclerococcales also encompass marine, lignicolous species of Dactylospora, two species of the lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum, and a lineage comprised of strains from the digestive tracts of Neotropical wood-inhabiting beetles. We confirm that Dactylospora is polyphyletic; the phylogenetic placement of D. parasitica, the generic type, remains unknown.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Project of the National Foundation of the Czech Republic (GACR 506/12/0038, www.gacr.cz), and as a long-term research development project of the Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences (No. RVO 67985939) and the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences (No. RVO 61388971). Funding to WAU was in the form of a Discovery Grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca) and infrastructure awards from the Canada Foundation for Innovation. We are grateful to Johannes Z. (Ewald) Groenewald for providing access to the unpublished ITS sequence data in the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre culture collection database. We thank Gerard Verkleij for his assistance with obtaining strains of Phialophora clavispora and Fusichalara minuta. We are grateful to Zdeněk Palice for a loan of his herbarium material of Dactylospora parasitica.

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  1. Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Martina Réblová

  2. Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R7A 6A9, Canada

    Wendy A. Untereiner

  3. Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic

    Václav Štěpánek

  4. Formerly CBS-KNAW, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Walter Gams

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  1. Martina Réblová
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Correspondence to Martina Réblová.

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Réblová, M., Untereiner, W.A., Štěpánek, V. et al. Disentangling Phialophora section Catenulatae: disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes). Mycol Progress 16, 27–46 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1248-y

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