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Transforming growth factor-beta and its implication in the malignancy of gliomas

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Abstract

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors. They are characterized by enhanced growing capabilities, neoangiogenic proliferation, and extensive infiltration of the brain parenchyma, which make their complete surgical resection impossible. Together with transient and refractory responses to standard therapy, these aggressive neoplasms are incurable and present a median survival of 12 to 14 months. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine of which two of the three isoforms expressed in humans have been shown to be overexpressed proportionally to the histologic grade of glioma malignancy. The increase of chromosomal aberrations and genetic mutations observed in glioma cells turns TGF-β into an oncogene. For that reason, it plays critical roles in glioma progression through induction of several genes implicated in many carcinogenic processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. Consequently, investigators have begun developing innovative therapeutics targeting this growth factor or its signaling pathway in an attempt to hinder TGF-β’s appalling effects in order to refine the treatment of malignant gliomas and improve their prognosis. In this paper, we extensively review the TGF-β-induced oncogenic pathways and discuss the diverse new molecules targeting this growth factor.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Bank research chair on the treatment of brain tumors.

Conflict of interest

We have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada

    Laurent-Olivier Roy

  2. Department of Surgery, Division of neurosurgery and neuro-oncology, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada

    Marie-Belle Poirier & David Fortin

Authors
  1. Laurent-Olivier Roy
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  2. Marie-Belle Poirier
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  3. David Fortin
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Correspondence to David Fortin.

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Roy, LO., Poirier, MB. & Fortin, D. Transforming growth factor-beta and its implication in the malignancy of gliomas. Targ Oncol 10, 1–14 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11523-014-0308-y

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