Abstract
The possibility of using hydrogen to lower CO2 emissions in the iron-making process was confirmed by the heat and mass balances in the blast furnace operation. The mass and heat balances for hydrogen utilization in the blast furnace were estimated by using the basic concept of RIST operating diagram. In this study, the RIST operating diagram was modified to be suitable for representing the operation with respect to hydrogen, where the RIST operating diagram is a graphical representation of heat and mass balance in blast furnace operation. RIST operating diagram was applied here to some individual parameters of interest such as H2 injection in blast furnace process to reduce coke (carbon consumption). It was observed that the point W moved to the right in the RIST operating diagram under the condition of increasing hydrogen injection at tuyere, which originates from the contribution of gas composition (O/H2) equilibrated with Fe/FeO at a certain temperature. Point P also moved downward due to heat requirement with respect to hydrogen utilization, by which the new RIST operating diagram for hydrogen utilization was able to be constructed. Under the condition of hydrogen injection, the expected overall carbon consumption in the blast furnace decreased due to the contribution of hydrogen.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ono Y. Rist operating diagram (II). Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1993, 79: N711–N715
Ujisawa Y, Nakano K, Matsukura Y, et al. Subjects for achievement of blast furnace operation with low reducing agent. ISIJ Int, 2005, 45: 1379–1385
Davis C G, McFarlin J F, Pratt H R, et al. Direct reduction technology and economics. Ironmak Steelmak, 1982, 9: 93–129
Turkdogan E T, Vinters J V. Gaseous reduction of iron oxides: Part I. Reduction of hematite in hydrogen. Met Trans B, 1971, 2: 3175–3188
El-Geassy A A, Shehata K A, Ezz S Y, et al. Mechanism of iron oxide reduction with hydrogen/carbon monoxide mixtures. Trans ISIJ, 1977, 17: 629–635
El-Geassy A A, Rajakumar V. Gaseous reduction of wustite with hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixtures. Trans ISIJ, 1985, 25: 449–458
El-Geassy A A. Gaseous reduction of Fe2O3 compacts at 600 to 1050° C. J Mater Sci, 1986, 21: 3889–3900
Fruehan R J, Li Y, Brabie L, et al. Final stage of reduction of iron ores by hydrogen. Scand J Metall, 2005, 34: 205–212
Lin H Y, Chen Y W, Li C, et al. The mechanism of reduction of iron oxide by hydrogen. Thermochim Acta, 2003, 400: 61–67
Ono-Nakazato H, Yonezawa T, Usui T, et al. Effect of water-gas shift reaction on reduction of iron oxide powder packed bed with H2-CO mixtures. ISIJ Int, 2003, 43: 1502–1511
Pineau A, Kanari N, Gaballah I, et al. Kinetics of reduction of iron oxides by H2 Part I: Low temperature reduction of hematite. Thermochim Acta, 2006, 447: 89–100
Jozwiak W K, Kaczmarek E, Maniecki T P, et al. Reduction behavior of iron oxides in hydrogen and carbon monoxide atmospheres. Appl Catal A, 2007, 326: 17–27
Rist A, Meysson N. A dual graphic representation of blast-furnace mass and heat balances. J Met, 1967, 19: 50–59
Ono Y. Rist operating diagram (I). Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1993, 79: N618–N624
Peacey J G, Davenport W G. The Iron Blast Furnace, Theory and Practice. Pergamon Press, 1979
Turkdogan E T. Physical Chemistry of High Temperature Technology. New York: Academic Press, 1980
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, W.H., Min, D.J. A mass and energy estimation for the hydrogen utilization in the iron-making process. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 54, 1655–1660 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4387-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4387-z