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Kardiovaskulärer Nutzen von körperlichem Training bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2

Was ist wichtiger: Dauer oder Intensität?

Cardiovascular benefits of physical exercise training in type 2 diabetes mellitus

What is more important: duration or intensity?

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Diabetologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Diabetes mellitus zählt zu den Hauptrisikofaktoren für die Entstehung der koronaren Herzkrankheit, welche bei Diabetespatienten akzeleriert verläuft und mit einer schlechten Prognose assoziiert ist. Durch eine multifaktorielle Intervention, die neben Diät, Blutzucker-, Blutdruckeinstellung und Raucherentwöhnung auch regelmäßiges körperliches Training beinhaltet, kommt es zu einer Verbesserung der modifizierbaren Risikofaktoren und einer Steigerung der beschwerde- und ischämiefreien Belastbarkeit, sodass die multifaktorielle Intervention eine vielversprechende Therapiestrategie darstellt.

Seit vielen Jahren werden Ausdauertraining und gegenwärtig auch vermehrt Krafttraining als Eckpfeiler in der Therapie von Typ-2-Diabetes eingesetzt. Beide Trainingsmethoden führen zu positiven Veränderungen der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren durch eine Reduzierung des Körpergewichts, Körperfettanteils und der Blutdruckwerte sowie zur Verbesserung des Glukose- und Fettstoffwechsels, der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit und des Muskelaufbaus.

Körperliches Training stellt eine effektive und kostengünstige Therapieoption dar, die in Ergänzung zu anderen Therapieformen stattfinden muss. Ohne Training ist die Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 nicht leitlinienkonform.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and is associated with accelerated disease progression and adverse prognosis. Multifactorial intervention, including a low-fat diet, glucose and arterial blood pressure control, smoking cessation and regular physical exercise, emerges as a promising strategy since it leads to an improvement of the modifiable risk factors, exercise tolerance and quality of life.

In recent decades, aerobic endurance training and increasingly strength training have become cornerstones of diabetes treatment. Both training methods have beneficial effects on various cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, body fat percentage, and arterial hypertension, as well improved physical fitness and muscle build-up.

Physical training represents an effective and economic therapeutic option, which must be used as a complement to other therapies. Without physical training, the treatment of type 2 diabetes does not conform with current guidelines.

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Abbreviations

1-WM:

Wiederholungsmaximum

ACSM:

„American College of Sports Medicine“

ADA:

„American Diabetes Association“

AHA:

„American Heart Association“

ESC:

Europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie

KHK:

Koronare Herzkrankheit

RPE:

„Ratings of perceived exertion“, Maß für die subjektiv empfundene Anstrengung nach Borg

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsinstitut für präventive und rehabilitative Sportmedizin der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, Institut für Sportmedizin des Landes Salzburg, Sportmedizin des Olympiazentrums Salzburg-Rif, Lindhofstr. 20, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich

    J. Niebauer MBA & E. Steidle

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  1. J. Niebauer MBA
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  2. E. Steidle
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Correspondence to J. Niebauer MBA or E. Steidle.

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Niebauer, J., Steidle, E. Kardiovaskulärer Nutzen von körperlichem Training bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Diabetologe 7, 21–26 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-010-0617-4

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