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GrimAge is elevated in older adults with mild COVID-19 an exploratory analysis

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Abstract

COVID-19 has been contained; however, the side effects associated with its infection continue to be a challenge for public health, particularly for older adults. On the other hand, epigenetic status contributes to the inter-individual health status and is associated with COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, current studies focus only on severe COVID-19. Considering that most of the worldwide population developed mild COVID-19 infection. In the present exploratory study, we aim to analyze the association of mild COVID-19 with epigenetic ages (HorvathAge, HannumAge, GrimAge, PhenoAge, SkinAge, and DNAmTL) and clinical variables obtained from a Mexican cohort of older adults. We found that all epigenetic ages significantly differ from the chronological age, but only GrimAge is elevated. Additionally, both the intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) and the extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA) are accelerated in all patients. Moreover, we found that immunological estimators and DNA damage were associated with PhenoAge, SkinBloodHorvathAge, and HorvathAge, suggesting that the effects of mild COVID-19 on the epigenetic clocks are mainly associated with inflammation and immunology changes. In conclusion, our results show that the effects of mild COVID-19 on the epigenetic clock are mainly associated with the immune system and an increase in GrimAge, IEAA, and EEAA.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the patients and study participants who made this work possible. We want to thank the valuable support of Juana Angélica García Domínguez and Dayana Araceli Mondragón Jaime.

Funding

This work was supported by the Alzheimer's Association/National Academy of Neuropsychology grant ALZ-NAN-22-941933. This work belongs to the project DI-PI-004/2023, supported by Dirección General de Políticas de Investigación en Salud (DGPIS) convocatoria 2023 (Proyecto FPIS2024-INGER-7134).

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  1. Paola García-delaTorre and Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura contributed equally to this manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México

    Paola García-delaTorre

  2. Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), 10200, Mexico City, Mexico

    Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura, Kristhian Becerril-Rojas, Francisco Ernesto Sandoval-Rodriguez, Diana Castro-Morales, Perla Ramirez-Garcia & Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan

  3. Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área de Envejecimiento, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico

    Sergio Sánchez-García

  4. Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico

    Miguel Cruz-Lopez & Miguel Vazquez-Moreno

  5. Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ruth Rincón-Heredia

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  1. Paola García-delaTorre
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García-delaTorre, P., Rivero-Segura, N.A., Sánchez-García, S. et al. GrimAge is elevated in older adults with mild COVID-19 an exploratory analysis. GeroScience 46, 3511–3524 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01095-2

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