Abstract
Identifying the regional differences and drivers for carbon reduction of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recycling is essential to combat climate change. This study aims to calculate the carbon reduction potential for C&DW recycling from 2006 to 2021 in China and investigates the spatial differences and driving factors of carbon reduction potential for C&DW waste by combining the Theil index, Gini coefficient, and geographic detector methods. The carbon reduction potential for C&DW recycling in China was “high in the east and low in the west” overall level, with an average annual growth rate of 6.27%. The overall differences in carbon reduction potential for C&DW recycling are decreasing, mainly due to intraregional differences and inter-provincial differences in Northeast China. The population size, urbanization rate, and technological effect are the key factors influencing carbon reduction potential for C&DW recycling. There are two types of interactions between influencing factor pairs: nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. This study’s results can guide policymakers to devise relevant, regionally specific policies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the first author on request (Zhenshuang Wang).
References
Aslam MS, Huang BJ, Cui LF (2020) Review of construction and demolition waste management in China and USA. J Environ Manage 264:110445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110445
Avik S, Daniel BL, Muhammad WZ, Muhammad MS (2022) Analyzing global inequality in access to energy: Developing policy framework by inequality decomposition. J Environ Manage 304:114299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114299
Beigl P, Lebersorger S, Salhofer S (2008) Modelling municipal solid waste generation: a review. Waste Manage 28:200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.011
Bistline JET, Blanford GJ (2021) Impact of carbon dioxide removal technologies on deep decarbonization of the electric power sector. Nat Commun 12:3732. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23554-6
CBECRR (2021) Research report on building energy consumption and carbon emissions in China (2021). https://www.baogaoting.com/artical/10390. Accessed 10 June 2023
Chen X, Shuai CY, Wu Y, Zhang Y (2020) Analysis on the carbon emission peaks of China’s industrial, building, transport, and agricultural sectors. Sci Total Environ 709:135768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135768
Chen X, Lin BQ (2021) Towards carbon neutrality by implementing carbon emissions trading scheme: policy evaluation in China. Energy Policy 157:112510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112510
Chen Z, Yuan C, Li XD, Shan MY (2022) Factors influencing embodied carbon emissions of China’s building sector: An analysis based on extended STIRPAT modeling. Energy Build 255:111607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111607
Chen HD, Du QX, Huo TF, Liu PR, Cai WG, Liu BS (2023) Spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanism of carbon emissions in China’s urban residential building sector. Energy 236:126102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126102
CABEE (2021) China building energy consumption and carbon emissions research report: Assessment of the situation of building carbon peaking at the provincial level. http://www.199it.com/archives/1369165.html. Accessed 15 June 2023
China Statistical Yearbook on Construction (2022) http://cnki.nbsti.net/CSYDMirror/area/Yearbook/Single/N2023010136?z=D26. Accessed 18 Apr 2023
Chi B, Lu W, Ye M, Bao Z, Zhang X (2020) Construction waste minimization in green building: A comparative analysis of LEED-NC 2009 certified projects in the US and China. J Clean Prod 256:120749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120749
Cochran K, Townsend D, Reinhart D, Heck H (2007) Estimation of regional building-related C&D debris generation and composition: case study for Florida, US. Waste Manage 27(7):921–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.03.023
Cun Z (2020) Research on the penetration and development path of China’s energy conservation and environmental protection. Acad J Eng Technol Sci 3(7):83–89. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJETS.2020.030708
Cun W, Chen J, Cong MY, Wu YL, Huang S, Zhou ZG, Yang DY, Liu J (2023) Analysis of carbon emissions in urban building sector using multi-influence model. J Clean Prod 139130.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139130
CSY (2022) China statistical yearbook. http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/. Accessed 6 Mar 2023
Deltas G (2003) The small-sample bias of the Gini coefficient: results and implications for empirical research. Rev Econ Stat 85(1):226–234. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.224896
Diffenbaugh NS, Singh D, Mankin JS, Horton DE, Swain DL, Touma D, Charland A, Liu Y, Haugen M, Tsiang M, Rajaratnam B (2017) Quantifying the influence of global warming on unprecedented extreme climate events. Earth, Atmos, Planet Sci 114:4881–4886. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618082114
Ding ZK, Liu S, Luo LW, Liao LH (2020) A building information modeling-based carbon emission measurement system for prefabricated residential buildings during the materialization phase. J Clean Prod 264:121728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121728
Dietz T, Rosa EA (1994) Rethinking the environmental impacts of population, affluence and technology. Hum Ecol Rev 1(2):277–300. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24706840. Accessed 22 Apr 2023
Ehrlicht PR, Holdren JP (1971) Impact of population growth. Science 171(3977):1212–1217. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3977.1212
Du Q, Pang QY, Bao TN, Guo XQ, Deng YG (2021) Critical factors influencing carbon emissions of prefabricated building supply chains in China. J Clean Prod 280:124398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124398
Duan HB, Zhou S, Jiang KJ, Bertram C, Harmsen M, Kriegler E, van Vuuren DP, Wang SY, Fujimori S, Tavoni M, Ming X, Keramidas K, Iyer G, Edmonds J (2021) Assessing China’s efforts to pursue the 1.5° C warming limit. Science 372(6540):378–385. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba8767
Gini C (1914) Sulla Misura della concentrazione e della variabilità dei caratteri. Premiate officine grafiche C Ferrari 73c:1203–1248
Global ABC (2021) Global Status report for buildings and construction. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/2021-global-status-report-buildings-andconstruction. Accessed 3 June 2023
Guo Q, Dai X (2017) Analysis on carbon dioxide emission reduction during the anaerobic synergetic digestion technology of sludge and kitchen waste: Taking kitchen waste synergetic digestion project in Zhenjiang as an example. Waste Manage 69:360–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.033
Hao JL, Cheng BQ, Lu WS, Xu J, Wang JJ, Bu WC, Guo ZP (2020) Carbon emission reduction in prefabrication construction during materialization stage: A BIM-based life-cycle assessment approach. Sci Total Environ 723:137870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137870
Hao JL, Ma WT (2023) Evaluating carbon emissions of construction and demolition waste in building energy retrofit projects. Energy 281:128201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128201
He JJ, Yang Y, Liao ZJ, Xu AQ, Fang K (2022) Linking SDG 7 to assess the renewable energy footprint of nations by 2030. Appl Energy 317:119167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119167
Hong T, Ji C, Jang M, Park H (2014) Assessment model for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions during building construction. J Manage Eng 30(2):226–235. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000199
Huang BJ, Wang XY, Kua H, Geng Y, Bleischwitz R (2018) Construction and demolition waste management in China through the 3R principle. Resour Conserv Recycl 129:36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.029
Hu S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yan D, Jiang Y (2022) Challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China’s building sector-Modelling and data. Build Simul 15:1899–1921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-022-0912-1
Huo TF, Cong XB, Cheng C, Cai WG, Zuo J (2023) What is the driving mechanism for the carbon emissions in the building sector? An integrated DEMATEL-ISM model. Energy 274:127399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127399
IEA (2019) World energy outlook. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2019
Islam R, Nazifa TH, Yuniarto A, Shanawaz Uddin ASM, Salmiati S, Shahid S (2019) An empirical study of construction and demolition waste generation and implication of recycling. Waste Manage 95:10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.049
Kern AP, Dias MF, Kulakowski MP, Gomes LP (2015) Waste generated in high rise buildings construction: a quantification model based on statistical multiple regression. Waste Manage 39:35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.01.043
Kheiri F (2018) A review on optimisation methods applied in energy-efficient building geometry and envelope design. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 92:897–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.080
Kong FW, Li LB (2019) Analysis on spatial distribution and driving factors of carbon emissions in provincial construction industry. Construct Econ 40(08):102–106. https://doi.org/10.14181/j.cnki.1002-851x.201908102
Labaran YH, Mathur VS, Muhammad SU, Musa AA (2022) Carbon footprint management: A review of construction industry. Clean Eng Technol 9:100531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100531
Liang X, Lin S, Bi X, Lu E, Li Z (2021) Chinese construction industry energy efficiency analysis with undesirable carbon emissions and construction waste outputs. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:15838–15852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11632-z
Liu JK, Chen YX, Wang XT (2022a) Factors driving waste sorting in construction projects in China. J Clean Prod 336:130397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130397
Liu JK, Li YX, Wang ZS (2023) The potential for carbon reduction in construction waste sorting: A dynamic simulation. Energy 275:127477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127477
Liu JK, Liu YD, Wang XT (2020) An environmental assessment model of construction and demolition waste based on system dynamics: a case study in Guangzhou. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(30):37237–37259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07107-5
Liu JK, Wu P, Jiang YH, Wang XT (2021) Explore potential barriers of applying circular economy in construction and demolition waste recycling. J Clean Prod 326:129400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129400
Liu HM, Guo R, Tian JJ, Sun HH, Wang Y, Li HY, Yao L (2022b) Quantifying the carbon reduction potential of recycling construction waste based on life cycle assessment: A case of Jiangsu Province. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(19):12628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912628
Liu Y, Wang JL (2023) Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon emissions from municipal solid waste treatment in China. Waste Manage 168:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.043
Lu W, Yuan HP, Li JR, Hao JJ, Mi XM, Ding JK (2011) An empirical investigation of construction and demolition waste generation rates in Shenzhen city, South China. Waste Manage 31(4):680–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.12.004
Lu YJ, Cui P, Li DZ (2016) Carbon emissions and policies in China’s building and construction industry: Evidence from 1994 to 2012. Build Environ 95:94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.09.011
Lu YJ, Cui P, Li DZ (2018) Which activities contribute most to building energy consumption in China? A hybrid LMDI decomposition analysis from year 2007 to 2015. Energy Build 165:259–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.12.046
Ma M, Ma X, Cai W, Cai W (2020) Low carbon roadmap of residential building sector in China: Historical mitigation and prospective peak. Appl Energy 273:115247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115247
MacDougall AH (2016) The transient response to cumulative CO2 emissions: a review. Curr Clim Change Rep 2(1):39–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-015-0030-6
Malia M, de Brito J, Pinheiro MD, Bravo M (2013) Construction and demolition waste indicators. Waste Manag Res 31(3):241–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242x12471707
Marzouk M, Azab S (2014) Environmental and economic impact assessment of construction and demolition waste disposal using system dynamics. Resour Conserv Recycl 82:41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.10.015
Menegaki M, Damages D (2018) A review on current situation and challenges of construction and demolition waste management. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 13:8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.02.010
Meng QC, Hu L, Li MJ, Qi X (2023) Assessing the environmental impact of building life cycle: A carbon reduction strategy through innovative design, intelligent construction, and secondary utilization. Dev Built Environ 16:100230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2023.100230
Mian MM, Zeng XL, Nasry AANB, Al-Hamadani SMZF (2017) Municipal solid waste management in China: a comparative analysis. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 19:1127–1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-016-0509-9
MOHURD (2019) Building carbon emission calculation standard. https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/fdzdgknr/tzgg/201905/20190530_240723.html. Accessed 28 May 2023
Moncaster AM, Symons KE (2013) A method and tool for ‘cradle to grave’ embodied carbon and energy impacts of UK buildings in compliance with the new TC350 standards. Energy Build 66:514–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.046
Nosheen M, Abbasi MA, Iqbal J (2020) Analyzing extended STIRPAT model of urbanization and CO2 emissions in Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(36):45911–45924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10276-3
Ojeda-Benítez S, Vega AD, Ma MM (2008) Household solid waste characterization by family socioeconomic profile as unit of analysis. Resour Conserv Recyc 52:992–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.03.004
Pérez-Lombard L (2010) A review of HVAC systems requirements in building energy regulations. Energy Build 43(2–3):255–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.10.025
Peng ZY, Lu WS, Christopher JW (2021) Quantifying the embodied carbon saving potential of recycling construction and demolition waste in the Greater Bay Area, China: Status quo and future scenarios. Sci Total Environ 792:148427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148427
Polat G, Damci A, Turkoglu H, Gurgun AP (2017) Identification of root causes of construction and demolition (C&D) waste: the case of Turkey. Procedia Eng 196:948–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.035
Sadineni SB, Madala S, Boehm RF (2011) Passive building energy savings: a review of building envelope components. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15(8):3617–3631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.014
Sannigrahi S et al (2020) Responses of ecosystem services to natural and anthropogenic forcings: A spatial regression based assessment in the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 715:137004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137004
Shi WJ, Fang RY, Chang YY, Xie GH (2023) Toward sustainable utilization of crop straw: Greenhouse gas emissions and their reduction potential from 1950 to 2021 in China. Resour Conserv Recycl 190:106824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106824
Simon D, Frank V (2019) Cumulative carbon emissions and economic policy: In search of general principles. J Environ Econ Manage 96:108–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2019.04.003
Staniaszek Z, Griffiths PT, Folberth GA, O’Connor FM, Abraham NL, Archibald AT (2022) The role of future anthropogenic methane emissions in air quality and climate. NPJ Clim Atmos Sci 5:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00247-5
Tam VWY, Fung IWH, Sing MCP, Ogunlana SO (2015) Best practice of prefabrication implementation in the Hong Kong public and private sectors. J Clean Prod 109:216–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.045
UN News (2020) Chinese president pledges carbon neutrality by 2060. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1073052. Accessed 18 June 2023
Wang T, Wang JY, Wu D (2016) Dynamic assessment on environmental impacts of construction waste disposal by landfill in Shenzhen. Construct Econ https://doi.org/10.14181/j.cnki.1002-851x.201602100
Wang J, Wu H, Duan H, Zillante G, Zuo J, Yuan H (2018) Combining life cycle assessment and Building Information Modelling to account for carbon emission of building demolition waste: A case study. J Clean Prod 172:3154–3166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.087
Wang Y, He Y (2020) Spatiotemporal dynamics and influencing factors of provincial carbon emissions in China. World Regional Studies 29(3):512–522. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn1004-9479.2020.03.2018507(inChinese)
Wang ZS, Zhang ZS, Jin XH (2021a) A study on the spatial network characteristics and effects of CDW generation in China. Waste Manage 128:179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.022
Wang J, Teng Y, Chen Z, Bai J, Niu Y, Duan H (2021b) Assessment of carbon emissions of building interior decoration and renovation waste disposal in the fast-growing Greater Bay Area. China Sci Total Environ 798:149158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149158
Wang JF, Xu CD (2017) Geodetector: Principle and prospective. Acta Geogr Sin 72(1):116–134. http://www.geog.com.cn/CN/10.11821/dlxb201701010. Accessed 13 Jan 2023
Wang ZS, Zhang ZS, Liu JK (2022) Exploring spatial heterogeneity and factors influencing construction and demolition waste in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:53269–53292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19554-8
Wang ZS, Han F, Xia B, Liu JK, Zhang CY (2023) Regional differences and heterogeneity of construction and demolition waste with economic growth: evidence from China. Constr Manag Econ 41(1):44–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2022.2137882
Won J, Cheng JCP, Lee G (2016) Quantification of construction waste prevented by BIM-based design validation: case studies in South Korea. Waste Manage 49:170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.12.026
Wu H, Duan H, Zheng L, Wang J, Niu Y, Zhang G (2016a) Demolition waste generation and recycling potentials in a rapidly developing flagship megacity of South China: Prospective scenarios and implications. Constr Build Mater 113:1007–1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.130
Wu ZZ, Yu ATW, Shen LY (2017) Investigating the determinants of contractor’s construction and demolition waste management behavior in Mainland China. Waste Manage 60(2):290–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.001
Wu ZZ, Yang KJ, Xue H, Zuo J, Li SH (2022) Major barriers to information sharing in reverse logistics of construction and demolition waste. J Clean Prod 350:131331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131331
Wu H, Zuo J, Zillante G, Wang J, Yuan H (2019a) Status quo and future directions of construction and demolition waste research: a critical review. J Clean Prod 240:118163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118163
Wu JB, Hu MM, Shi SY, Liu TT (2016b) Eco-efficiency of construction and demolition waste recycling in Chongqing. China Sustain Built Environ Reg Conf 39:82–87. https://doi.org/10.3218/3774-6_64
Wu P, Song YZ, Zhu JB, Chang RD (2019b) Analyzing the influence factors of the carbon emissions from China’s building and construction industry from 2000 to 2015. J Clean Prod 221:552–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.200
Xu B, Zhao Y, Ju MT, Chu CL, Zhang ZY (2019) Regional differences of municipal solid waste generation in China based on the STIRPAT model. China Environ Sci 39:4901–4909 ((In Chinese))
Yang P, Liang X, Drohan PJ (2020) Using Kaya and LMDI models to analyze carbon emissions from the energy consumption in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(21):26495–26501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09075-7
Yu W, Wang T, Xiao Y, Chen J, Yan X (2020) A Carbon Emission Measurement Method for Individual Travel Based on Transportation Big Data: The Case of Nanjing Metro. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(16):5957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165957
Yu SW, Zhang Q, Hao JL, Ma WT, Sun Y, Wang XC, Song Y (2023) Development of an extended STIRPAT model to assess the driving factors of household carbon dioxide emissions in China. J Environ Manage 325:116502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116502
Yuan HP (2013) Critical management measures contributing to construction waste management: evidence from construction projects in China. Proj Manag J 44(4):101–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21349
Yuan J, Lu Y, Ferrier RC, Liu Z, Su H, Meng J, Song S, Jenkin A (2018a) Urbanization, rural development and environmental health in China. Environ Dev 28:101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2018.10.002
Yuan HP, Wu HY, Zuo J (2018b) Understanding factors influencing project managers’ behavioral intentions to reduce waste in construction projects. J Manage Eng 34(6):04018031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000642
Zhao J, Ji G, Yue Y, Lai Z, Chen Y, Yang D, Yang X, Wang Z (2019) Spatio-temporal dynamics of urban residential CO2 emissions and their driving forces in China using the integrated two nighttime light datasets. Appl Energy 235:612–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.180
Zhao QF, Gao WJ, Su Y, Wang T, Wang JM (2023) How can C&D waste recycling do a carbon emission contribution for construction industry in Japan city? Energy Build 298:113538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113538
Zhang MD, Hui LW (2022) Spatial disparities and identification of influencing factors on agricultural economic resilience in China. World Agriculture (1):36–50. https://doi.org/10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2022.01.004
Zhang CG, Lin Y(2012) Panel estimation for urbanization, energy consumption and CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China. Energy Policy 49:88–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.048
Zheng L, Wu H, Zhang H, Duan H, Wang J, Jiang W, Dong B, Liu G, Zuo J, Song Q (2017) Characterizing the generation and flows of construction and demolition waste in China. Constr Build Mater 136:405–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.055
Zheng H, Wu SF, Zhang Y, He Y (2023) Environmental regulation effect on green total factor productivity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. J Environ Manage 325:116465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116465
Zhou N, Khanna N, Feng W, Ke J, Mark L (2018) Scenarios of energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction potential in the buildings sector in China to year 2050. Nat Energy 3(11):978–984. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0253-6
Funding
This work was supported by National Social Science Foundation of China (no.22BGL187).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Zhenshuang Wang: conceptualization, data curation, and methodology. Fei Qin: writing—original draft, data curation. Jingkuang Liu: conceptualization, data curation and visualization. Bo Xia: conceptualization, formal analysis and validation. Nicholas Chileshe: conceptualization, validation.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Research involving human participants and/or animals
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
The authors consent to publish.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: V.V.S.S. Sarma
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Z., Qin, F., Liu, J. et al. Spatial differentiation of carbon emissions reduction potential for construction and demolition waste recycling. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 122304–122321 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30953-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30953-3