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The concentration of pesticides in tomato: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment

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Abstract

To improve farming productivity, a large number of pesticides have been used worldwide in recent decades, leading to the pollution of soil, agri-products, and water, directly/indirectly affecting human health. In this regard, many studies were conducted in different countries on residual pesticides in the environment. In the current study, residual pesticides including chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, malathion, and metalaxyl in tomatoes were meta-analyzed and health risk of consumers was estimated. For this purpose, based on a systematic review, data from 47 studies were extracted and meta-analyzed, and the health impact of pooled concentrations was assessed via a health risk method. According to the results, metalaxyl had the most concentration followed by malathion, cypermethrin, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk (n-CR) was calculated from crop consumption also showed that exposure to malathion has the most risk. Among the investigated communities, Iranian consumers were in considerable health risk (THQ > 1). Considering that the potential for the use of pesticides will increase with the need for food in the future, hence, governments must manage the usage by governments via alternative methods such as cultural, biological, physical, and genetic modifications.

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Funding

This work was supported by the student research committee at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (1400/65202).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Pouria Karimi & Sepideh Sadeghi

  2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sepideh Sadeghi & Mohsen Sadani

  3. Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Fatemeh Kariminejad

  4. Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Institute IWAR, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi

  5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

    Ali Oghazyan

  6. Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran

    Abotaleb Bay

  7. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

    Trias Mahmudiono

  8. Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Yadolah Fakhri

Authors
  1. Pouria Karimi
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  2. Sepideh Sadeghi
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  3. Fatemeh Kariminejad
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  4. Mohsen Sadani
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  5. Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi
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  6. Ali Oghazyan
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  7. Abotaleb Bay
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  8. Trias Mahmudiono
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Contributions

Pouria Karimi and Sepideh Sadeghi: investigation, conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, and funding acquisition. Ali Oghazian: investigation, methodology, and resources. Fatemeh Kariminejad: software, visualization, and original draft. Mohsen Sadani: project administration. Yadolah Fakhri: validation and supervision. Abotaleb Bay and Trias Mahmudiono: methodology. Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi: roles/writing and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Mohsen Sadani.

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Karimi, P., Sadeghi, S., Kariminejad, F. et al. The concentration of pesticides in tomato: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 103390–103404 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29645-9

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