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Changes in the abundance and diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities at different depths in a eutrophic freshwater lake in southwestern Mexico

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Abstract

Bacteria and archaea play a fundamental role in the biogeochemical cycles of organic matter, pollutants, and nutrients to maintain the trophic state of aquatic ecosystems. However, very little is known about the composition patterns of microbial communities in vertical distribution (water column) in freshwater lakes and their relationship with the physicochemical properties of water. “La Encantada” lake in the Lagunas de Montebello National Park (LMNP) is a site of interest due to the anthropogenic impact received and the little information about it. In this study, 3 sites were evaluated; samples were collected using 0–15 m deep water columns and analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology based on the 16S rRNA gene. The physical parameters of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrolytic conductivity, and PO4 were determined. The results revealed clear differences in the microbial composition of the water throughout the column; the most abundant phyla in bacterial communities were Proteobacteria (23.2%), Cyanobacteria (17.3%), and Bacteroidetes (17.2%), and for archaea were Crenarchaeota (35.9%) and Euryarchaeota (33.2%). PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis revealed that the main functional genes were related to cellular processes and biodegradation of xenobiotics, indicating an increasing trend of contaminants and residual discharges that may act as a precursor to alter microbial communities and stability of the lakes. At depths of 10 and 15 m, the microbial diversity was greater; likewise, the correlation between the physicochemical parameters and the microbial communities at the genus level showed that Chlorobaculum, Desulfomonile, and Candidatus Xiphinematobacter were favored by an increase in dissolved phosphates and by the decrease in pH and temperature. These results highlight that the microbial communities exhibit variation in their composition due to the effect of depth and physicochemical parameters, which could play a role as biological factors in the trophic states of a lake.

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All data generated or analyzed during the current study are included in this article.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Tecnológico Nacional de México, project number: 10175.21-P., and Instituto de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (ICTIECH), Gobierno de Chiapas. Josué Alegría-Gómez would like to thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), México, for master’s grant number 920660.

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Josué Alegría-Gómez: methodology, conceptualization, data analysis, research, and writing—original draft. José Humberto Castañón-González: data curation, software, validation, and writing—review. Juan Alfredo Hernández-García: data curation, software, validation, and writing—review. Elizabeth González-Terreros: supervision, methodology, and resources. Irving Oswaldo Velázquez-Ríos: data curation, software, validation, and writing—review. Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo: conceptualization, resources, acquisition of funds, validation, drafting—review and editing, and project management.

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Correspondence to Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo.

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All authors agree with the content of this manuscript, and all give explicit consent to submit in Environmental Science and Pollution Research. This work is new and original, and it is not under consideration elsewhere.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Alegría-Gómez, ., Castañón-González, J.H., Hernández-García, J.A. et al. Changes in the abundance and diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities at different depths in a eutrophic freshwater lake in southwestern Mexico. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 98362–98376 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29380-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29380-1

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