Abstract
The global average temperature breaks the record every year, and this unprecedented speed at which it is unfolding is causing serious climate change which in turn impacts the lives of humans and other living organisms. Thus, it is imperative to take immediate action to limit global warming. Increased CO2 emission from the industrial sector that relies on fossil fuels is the major culprit. Mitigating global warming is an uphill battle that involves an integration of technologies such as switching to renewable energy, increasing the carbon sink capacity, and implementing carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) on major sources of CO2 emissions. Among all these methods, CCS is globally accepted as a potential technology to address this climate change. CCS using carbonic anhydrase (CA) is gaining momentum due to its advantages over other conventional CCS technologies. CA is a metalloenzyme that catalyses a fundamental reaction for life, i.e. the interconversion of bicarbonate and protons from carbon dioxide and water. The practical application of CA requires stable CAs operating under harsh operational conditions. CAs from extremophilic microbes are the potential candidates for the sequestration of CO2 and conversion into useful by-products. The soluble free form of CA is expensive, unstable, and non-reusable in an industrial setup. Immobilization of CA on various support materials can provide a better alternative for application in the sequestration of CO2. The present review provides insight into several types of CAs, their distinctive characteristics, sources, and recent developments in CA immobilization strategies for application in CO2 sequestration.
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Juned Ali has received financial support from University Grants Commission Government of India, New Delhi, and Shazia Faridi has received financial support from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi (BT/PR31686/BIC/101/1204/2019).
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Conceptualization and literature search was done by Juned Ali. The first draft of the manuscript was written equally by Juned Ali and Shazia Faridi. Reviewing and editing of the manuscript was done by Meryam Sardar. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ali, J., Faridi, S. & Sardar, M. Carbonic anhydrase as a tool to mitigate global warming. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 83093–83112 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28122-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28122-7