Abstract
This research aimed at evaluating the effects of capping on the mitigation of impacts generated by a closed unlined landfill in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses (16S rRNA sequencing) of buried solid waste samples were performed, in capped and uncapped areas. Even though leachate pockets could still be encountered in capped areas, the capping construction reduced oxygen availability and created more reducing conditions, propitiating the development of sulfate-reducing bacteria and possibly contributing to the precipitation of the metals Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, As, and Zn as metal sulfides, causing their immobilization. The microbial populations adapted to the anaerobic conditions created under capped zones belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Euryarchaeota and the genera Methanosaeta, Hydrogenispora, Smithella, and Gelria. Differently, the phyla Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were more abundant in samples from the uncapped zones, in which the abundance of different genera varied homogeneously. Methanogenic activity was not impaired by the intervention measure, as assessed by the specific methanogenic activity (SMA). Capping of old unlined landfills brings benefits to the immobilization of metals and does not impair microbial degradation, being effective for the mitigation of impacts on soils and water resources.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, A. K. M. Morita, upon reasonable request.
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This study was financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Finance Code 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grant number 168734/2018-4), and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant numbers 2015/03806-1 and 2018/24615-8).
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Alice Kimie Martins Morita, Maria Bernadete Amancio Varesche, and Edson Wendland contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Alice Kimie Martins Morita and Isabel Kimiko Sakamoto. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Alice Kimie Martins Morita, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Fig. 1SM. Detail of capping layers constructed in the study area. Table 1 SM. Limits of Detection (LoD) and Quantification (LoQ) of the analyses performed. Table 2 SM. Composition of solutions of macro and micronutrients used in the SMA test. Fig. 2SM. Physicochemical results of solubilized samples. Fig. 3SM. Physicochemical results of solubilized samples. Fig. 4SM. Ecological indices for the collected samples. Fig. 5SM. Boxplots of the SMA anaylisis. (DOCX 461 kb)
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Morita, A.K.M., Sakamoto, I.K., Varesche, M.B.A. et al. Effects of capping on microbial populations and contaminant immobilization in an old unlined landfill. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 68548–68562 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27311-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27311-8