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Risk of extinction, variability in fish species composition, and factors influencing fish biodiversity in the Malacca Strait

  • Marine Pollution and Ecological Degradation
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Abstract

Fish biodiversity in Malaysia is under pressure due to overexploitation, pollution, and climatic stressors. Nevertheless, the information on fish biodiversity and species vulnerability status is not well documented in the region. Therefore, a study on fish species composition and abundance in the Malacca Strait of Malaysia has been conducted for the purpose of monitoring biodiversity, determining the risk of species extinction, and identifying factors influencing biodiversity distribution. The sampling was conducted based on a random stratified sampling method from the three zones of sampling locations, i.e., estuary, mangrove, and open sea area of Tanjung Karang and Port Klang of Malacca Strait. Higher species diversity was recorded at Tanjung Karang coastal and mangrove areas (H′ = 2.71; H′ = 1.64) than Port Klang coastal and mangrove areas (H′ = 1.50, H′ = 0.29), an indication that the Port Klang area is comparatively more vulnerable. The study also explored sampling location, habitat, and IUCN red list as the influencing factors for fish biodiversity. Applying IUCN red list, this study identified one Endangered and one Vulnerable species with the forecasted increasing landing for both species. Our findings suggest the urgent need for the implementation of conservation measures as well as the continuous monitoring of fish biodiversity in the area.

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Funding

This research is funded by the research project TRGS/1/2015/UKM/02/5/2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

    Lubna Alam, Siti Zulaiha Zolkaply, Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Md. Azizul Bari, Mazlin Mokhtar & Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa

  2. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia

    Lubna Alam

  3. Department of Agrotechnology and Bio-Industry, Jalan Raya, Lebuhraya Timur-Barat, Bandar Jeli, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Siti Zulaiha Zolkaply

  4. Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Ussif Rashid Sumaila

  5. Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

    Ibnu Rusydy

  6. Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ahmad Abas Kutty

  7. Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariyagiri, Kaliyakkavilai, Kaniyakumari District, 629 153, India

    Subbiah Krishnakumar

  8. Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 014, Tamilnadu, India

    Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini & Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa

  9. United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network Asia Headquarters (UN SDSN ASIA), Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mazlin Mokhtar

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  1. Lubna Alam
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  2. Siti Zulaiha Zolkaply
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Contributions

LA provided financial support and guidance for the whole study, co-analyzed data, and drafted manuscript. SZZ conducted sampling and laboratory work, analyzed data, and drafted the manuscript partially. URS reviewed the manuscript and provided suggestion to improvement. IR conducted GIS analysis and produced maps. AAK supervised and guided the sampling. MAB and KPP conducted statistical analysis and forecasting. MM designed the research. SK and MSM reviewed and formatted the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa.

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Alam, L., Zolkaply, S.Z., Sumaila, U.R. et al. Risk of extinction, variability in fish species composition, and factors influencing fish biodiversity in the Malacca Strait. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27101-2

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