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Ginsenoside Rg1 regulates thiram-induced chondrocytes’ apoptosis and angiogenesis in broiler chickens

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Abstract

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a developmental cartilaginous disease due to thiram toxicity. The abnormity of chondrocytes and insufficient angiogenesis within the growth plate are the major factors leading to the occurrence of TD in most cases. In the current study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of ginsenoside (Rg1) against thiram-induced TD for knowing the possible underlying mechanisms in broiler chickens through in vivo and in vitro assessment. Arbor acres broilers (1-day-old, n = 120) were randomly divided for the in vivo evaluation. The control broilers were fed under normal conditions during the whole experiment cycle (18 days). The TD broilers were fed with 50 mg/kg thiram, while the treatment group was given 40 mg/kg of Rg1. According to our findings, thiram caused a decrease in production performance and tibia parameters (p < 0.05), which were significantly reversed by Rg1 administration. In addition, the results from the histological evaluation showed that the proliferative zone had a smaller number of blood vessels, surrounded by inviable chondrocytes, proving apoptosis during the occurrence of TD, while Rg1 treatment significantly increased blood vessels and decreased apoptotic cells. Furthermore, it was found that Rg1 effectively ameliorated the angiogenesis by regulation of HIF-1α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway and the chondrocytes’ apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Hence, these findings suggest that Rg1 might be a perfect choice in the prevention and treatment of TD via regulating chondrocytes apoptosis and angiogenesis. Also, it might be a potential therapeutic drug for humans to overcome different bone disorders, involving chondrocytes.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of the study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Abbreviations

AA:

Arbor acres

Apaf-1:

Apoptotic protease activating factor-1

BMD:

Bone mineral density

Cyt c:

Cytochrome c

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

HIF-1α:

Hypoxia inducible factor-1α

IF:

Immunofluorescence

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

RT:

Room temperature

TD:

Tibial dyschondroplasia

TH:

Thiram

TUNEL:

Terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VEGFR1:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1

VEGFR2:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

WB:

Western blotting

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Funding

The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 32172929 and 31873031).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Huaisen Zhu, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar, Yanmei Ding, Wangyuan Yao, Quan Mo & Jiakui Li

  2. Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar

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  1. Huaisen Zhu
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Contributions

Huaisen Zhu: methodology, conceptualization, data curation, and writing—original draft; Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar: software and writing—review and editing; Yanmei Ding: methodology and formal analysis; Wangyuan Yao: data curation; Mo Quan: writing—review and editing; Jiakui Li: writing—review and editing, project administration, and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Jiakui Li.

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All maintenance, handling, and procedures of the experimental animals were performed in accordance with the ethics committee of Huazhong Agricultural University (approval no. 31273519).

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Zhu, H., Kulyar, M.FeA., Ding, Y. et al. Ginsenoside Rg1 regulates thiram-induced chondrocytes’ apoptosis and angiogenesis in broiler chickens. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 34188–34202 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24598-x

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