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The boosted photocatalytic effects of a zeolite supported CdS towards an antibiotic model pollutant: a brief kinetics study

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Abstract

In recent decades, increased world population and industrial activities explosively polluted our environment, especially the aquatic resources. This requires introducing/developing novel methods to decrease the pollution extent of such resources. Here, the hexagonal (wurtzite) CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and supported onto ball-mill prepared clinoptilolite NPs (CNP). Samples were briefly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM–EDX), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The average crystallite size for CdS NPs and CdS-CNP samples was estimated to be about 9.0 nm and 12.3 nm (from the Scherrer formula) and about 19.7 and 17.5 nm (from the Williamson-Hall model), respectively. From the DRS spectra, the absorption wavelengths of 595 and 546 nm correspond to band gap energies of 2.08, and 2.27 eV was obtained for CdS NPs and CdS-CNP samples. The samples were then used in the photodegradation of cefotaxime (CT), and the results showed a boosted photocatalytic activity for CdS-CNP rather than CdS NPs. The photodegradation process obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the CdS and CdS-CNP catalysts obtained the k-values of 0.013 min−1 and 0.023 min−1. When the photodegraded CT solutions were used in COD experiments, the k-values changed to 0.011 min−1 and 0.029 min−1, respectively. The zeolite support is an eco-friendly natural zeolite with abundant deposits in Iran that yields a cost-effective method.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Najme Mehrabanpour & Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh

  2. Department of Chemistry, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Shirin Ghattavi

Authors
  1. Najme Mehrabanpour
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  2. Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh
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  3. Shirin Ghattavi
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Contributions

Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, software, writing—reviewing and editing, validation, formal analysis, supervision; Shirin Ghattavi: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, software, writing—reviewing and editing, validation, formal analysis, supervision; Najme Mehrabanpour: data curation, writing—original draft, visualization, investigation, resources, investigation.

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Correspondence to Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh.

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Mehrabanpour, N., Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A. & Ghattavi, S. The boosted photocatalytic effects of a zeolite supported CdS towards an antibiotic model pollutant: a brief kinetics study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 5089–5102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22557-0

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