Abstract
In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have indicated the greatest potential in the removal of stable organic compounds, including dyes. In this study, the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) combined with chlorine was evaluated to remove Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) dye from aqueous solution. The effect of key experimental parameters including pH, initial chlorine concentration, initial dye concentration, and reaction time on the performance of UV-LED irradiation, UV-LED/chlorine, and the chlorination method for the removal of RB19 was studied in this research. Results showed that, more than 99% of RB19 was removed after 30 min of reaction time under optimized conditions (pH = 5, [chlorine] = 300 μM, and [RB19] = 20 mg L−1) with apparent kinetic rate constant (kapp) of 17.1 × 10−2 min−1 in UV-LED/chlorine process. However, for the chlorination method, removal efficiency was 64.7% (kapp = 3.41 × 10−2 min−1) with an apparent kinetic rate constant of 0.0341 min−1. Results also showed that UV-LED irradiation is not effective at all in removing RB19. The scavenging assay showed that OH• radicals (67.23%) had the highest contribution in RB19 removal in UV-LED/chlorine process while Cl• (17.82%) and \({\mathrm{Cl}}_2^{-\bullet }\) (8.56%) had a minor role in the degradation of the dye. The RB19 degradation kinetics analysis revealed that the processes of UV-LED/chlorine and chlorination degradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. In this study, the impact of chloride, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, and sulfite anions on the performance of the process was investigated. It indicated that sulfite anion has the most negative impact on the RB19 removal process. By evaluating the synergistic effect between UV-LED lamp and chlorine, a synergy index of 5.0 was obtained for the UV-LED/chlorine process. The results presented that the UV-LED/chlorine process has a better performance than each of them alone and has the necessary efficiency for RB19 removal. Measuring COD reported its removal efficiency of 98% during the UV-LED/chlorine process under optimized conditions. Experiments continued with textile factory wastewater and indicated 30.9% of its COD removed after treatment when 1.0 μM chlorine was used.
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13 August 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22545-4
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Alireza Gholizade: investigation, data curation, validation. Gholamreza Asadollahfardi: investigation, writing — review and editing. Reza Rezaei: investigation, writing — review and editing.
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Highlights
• UV-LED/chlorine process is effective in Reactive Blue 19 removal.
• RB19 removal efficiency is affected by pH, chlorine, and dye concentration in UV-LED/chlorine.
• The presence of anions in RB19 solution inhibits the degradation in UV-LED/chlorine.
• Hydroxyl radicals had the highest contribution in RB19 removal.
• UV-LED/chlorine process reduces COD.
The original online version of this article was revised: The 2nd affiliation of the 1st Author is deleted.
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Gholizade, A., Asadollahfardi, G. & Rezaei, R. Reactive Blue 19 dye removal by UV-LED/chlorine advanced oxidation process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 1704–1718 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22273-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22273-9